A client is receiving 115 ml/hr of continuous IVF. The nurse noticed that the venipuncture site was red and swollen. Which of the following interventions would the nurse perform first?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Stopping the infusion is the nurse's first intervention when observing a red, swollen venipuncture site, as this may indicate phlebitis, infiltration, or infection. Halting the IV prevents further tissue damage or fluid extravasation, prioritizing patient safety. Redness and swelling suggest inflammation or leakage into surrounding tissue, requiring immediate cessation to assess severity and plan next steps, like site relocation or physician consultation. Calling the physician follows assessment, not precedes stopping the infusion, as the nurse acts within scope to mitigate harm first. Slowing the infusion might worsen damage if fluid is already escaping the vein. A cold towel could reduce swelling later but doesn't address the active infusion causing the issue. Stopping the infusion is the critical initial step, enabling evaluation and preventing complications, aligning with nursing's focus on prompt, protective action.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Responsibility and accountability as a critical thinking attitude mean adhering to standards and owning outcomes, like verifying a client's identity before medication to ensure safety. This reflects duty to the patient and profession, avoiding errors (e.g., wrong patient dosing). Thinking independently involves personal judgment, not just following protocol, which this nurse does by sticking to rules. Fairness ensures impartiality, not directly tied to identification steps. Discipline implies consistency, overlapping with responsibility, but lacks accountability's emphasis on answerability. By not cutting corners, the nurse upholds ethical and safety standards, embodying responsibility and accountability, critical for trust and precision in medication administration, a high-stakes nursing task.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A theory e.g., Henderson's uses concepts (e.g., breathing), definitions (clarifying terms), relationships (how needs interact), and assumptions (e.g., patients seek independence) to explain phenomena like recovery. This informs nursing actions e.g., why positioning aids breathing. Formulating legislation is policy, not theory's role indirectly influenced. Measuring functions suits research, not theory's explanatory purpose. Reflecting the domain describes scope, not function explanation is active. Theories explain health-related events, providing nurses frameworks to understand and address client needs, making this the precise definition.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as 'complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease,' established in 1948. This holistic view shapes global health policy and nursing e.g., addressing mental health alongside infections. The World Diabetes Federation focuses on diabetes, not broad definitions. The International Council of Nurses supports practice standards, not health definitions. The American Nurses Association governs U.S. nursing, adopting WHO's view, not originating it. WHO's authoritative, universal definition drives health promotion, making it the source here.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Tachycardia is an elevated heart rate; tachypnea is rapid breathing, hyperpyrexia is high fever, and arrhythmia is irregular rhythm.