ATI LPN
Good Multiple Choice Question About Perioperative Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client is hospitalized after an operation. When assessing the client for postoperative infection, the nurse places priority on which assessment?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 2 of 5
A client presents to the walk-in clinic complaining of a dry, irritating cough and production of a minute amount of mucus-like sputum. The patient complains of soreness in her chest in the sternal area. The nurse should suspect that the primary care provider will assess the patient for what health problem?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A dry, irritating cough with scant mucoid sputum and sternal soreness suggest tracheobronchitis, an inflammation of the trachea and bronchi often from viral infection or irritation. The cough's dry nature and minimal sputum reflect early airway inflammation, while sternal pain arises from repetitive coughing straining chest muscles. Pleural effusion typically causes dyspnea and pleuritic pain, not dry cough or sternal soreness, as fluid muffles cough reflex. Pulmonary embolism presents with sudden dyspnea, chest pain, and possibly hemoptysis, not a chronic dry cough. Tuberculosis features hemoptysis, night sweats, and weight loss, not minimal sputum or sternal pain alone. The nurse's suspicion of tracheobronchitis guides the provider to assess for fever, malaise, or recent respiratory exposure, ensuring appropriate management like rest or antivirals, distinct from more severe differentials.
Question 3 of 5
A gerontologic nurse is teaching a group of medical nurses about the high incidence and mortality of pneumonia in older adults. What is a contributing factor to this that the nurse should describe?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Older adults' high pneumonia incidence and mortality partly stem from atypical presentations, lacking classic signs like cough, fever, or chest pain, which delays diagnosis. Aging alters immune responses and symptom expression e.g., confusion or lethargy may predominate over respiratory complaints complicating timely treatment, especially in frail or comorbid patients. Lung compliance decreases with age, but this structural change doesn't directly obscure symptoms. Older adults are prime candidates for pneumococcal vaccination (e.g., PPSV23), recommended at 65+, countering higher risk, not excluding them. Antibiotic tolerance varies individually, not universally limiting treatment. The nurse's focus on absent classic signs educates staff to suspect pneumonia in subtle presentations (e.g., falls, delirium), prompting earlier diagnostics (e.g., chest X-ray) and intervention, critical for reducing mortality in this vulnerable group.
Question 4 of 5
A patient arrives in the emergency department with an attack of acute bronchiectasis. Chest auscultation reveals the presence of copious secretions. What intervention should the nurse prioritize in this patients care?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In acute bronchiectasis with copious secretions, postural chest drainage is the priority intervention, leveraging gravity to mobilize thick mucus from dilated bronchi, reducing obstruction and infection risk. This technique positioning the patient to drain specific lung segments (e.g., head-down for lower lobes) alleviates dyspnea and prevents atelectasis, a cornerstone of bronchiectasis management. Diuretics treat fluid overload, irrelevant to airway secretions. IV fluids may hydrate but don't directly thin bronchial mucus oral hydration or mucolytics are more apt. Pulmonary function testing assesses obstruction but doesn't clear secretions, delaying symptom relief. The nurse's focus on postural drainage, often paired with percussion, addresses the acute crisis's root mucus retention enhancing ventilation and supporting recovery in this chronic condition's exacerbation.
Question 5 of 5
An admitting nurse is assessing a patient with COPD. The nurse auscultates diminished breath sounds, which signify changes in the airway. These changes indicate to the nurse to monitor the patient for what?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diminished breath sounds in COPD, from airway narrowing or hyperinflation (e.g., emphysema), signal reduced ventilation, prompting the nurse to monitor for dyspnea and hypoxemia. Air trapping and obstruction lower air entry, audible as faint sounds, risking oxygen desaturation (hypoxemia) and shortness of breath (dyspnea) core COPD features. Kyphosis (spinal curvature) and clubbing (finger deformity) occur in advanced stages but aren't immediate concerns from diminished sounds. Sepsis and pneumothorax are complications, not direct sequelae of this finding sepsis needs systemic signs, pneumothorax absent sounds on one side. Bradypnea (slow breathing) contradicts COPD's tachypnea; pursed-lip breathing is a coping strategy, not a risk. Monitoring dyspnea and hypoxemia via symptoms and oximetry guides timely intervention (e.g., oxygen), per COPD care standards.