A client is discharged following hospitalization for congestive heart failure. The nurse teaching the family suggests they encourage the client to rest frequently in which of the following positions?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: High Fowler's promotes lung expansion and reduces cardiac workload in CHF.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Elderly individuals with limited mobility are at higher risk for pressure ulcers due to age-related skin thinning, reduced circulation, and prolonged pressure on bony areas from immobility. These factors impair skin integrity, making it prone to breakdown. Young adults typically have resilient skin and mobility, lowering their risk. Athletes, with strong circulation and muscle tone, are less susceptible unless injured. Regular exercisers maintain healthy blood flow, reducing risk further. The elderly, especially when bedridden or chair-bound, face constant pressure and shear forces, compounded by potential malnutrition or chronic illness, necessitating vigilant nursing care like repositioning and pressure-relieving devices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds (ideally 40-60 per CDC guidelines) before and after patient care removes pathogens effectively, breaking the chain of infection. Wiping on a towel doesn't kill germs and may spread them. Using sanitizer only after care skips pre-care protection, risking contamination to the patient soap is superior for visible dirt or C. diff. Shaking hands for rapport, while friendly, isn't hygiene-focused and could transmit microbes. This rigorous washing is a fundamental nursing practice, safeguarding both patient and nurse from healthcare-associated infections.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A urinary catheter's primary purpose is to collect urine for analysis or drainage when a patient can't void naturally, aiding diagnosis or relieving retention. Medication administration isn't its role IVs or oral routes handle that. Blood pressure measurement uses cuffs, not catheters. Breathing assistance relates to respiratory devices, not urinary ones. Nurses insert catheters to monitor output, assess kidney function, or manage incontinence, making urine collection the core function in clinical practice, critical for patient assessment and care planning.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Providing oral care to an unconscious patient maintains oral health and prevents complications like infections (e.g., pneumonia) or sores by removing bacteria and keeping tissues moist. Preventing talking isn't relevant they're unconscious. Forcing liquids isn't the aim; hydration comes via other routes like IVs. Hospital-wide infection control benefits indirectly, but the focus is patient-specific health. Nurses use swabs or brushes regularly to combat dryness and microbial growth, a critical task in dependent care to safeguard respiratory and systemic wellness.