ATI LPN
Nursing Fundamentals Exam for LPN Questions
Question 1 of 9
A client hospitalized with chronic dyspepsia is diagnosed with gastric cancer. Which of the following is associated with an increased incidence of gastric cancer?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Luncheon meats, high in nitrates and preservatives, are linked to gastric cancer due to their conversion into carcinogenic nitrosamines in the stomach, a risk factor supported by dietary studies. Dairy, carbonated drinks, and refined sugars may contribute to other health issues but lack a strong direct association with gastric cancer. Processed meats' chemical content irritates gastric mucosa over time, increasing malignancy risk. Nurses use this knowledge for dietary counseling, helping clients reduce exposure to such risk factors, enhancing prevention strategies alongside treatment for existing conditions.
Question 2 of 9
The nurse is told that an assigned client will have a fenestrated tracheostomy tube inserted. The nurse should provide the client with which information about this type of tube?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A fenestrated tracheostomy tube (A) allows speech by permitting air through the vocal cords. Rationale: The fenestration design supports phonation, aiding communication, unlike non-fenestrated tubes.
Question 3 of 9
The ability of the body to defend itself against scientific invading agents such as bacteria, toxin, viruses and foreign body
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immunity is the body's defense mechanism against pathogens.
Question 4 of 9
All of the following are characteristic of the Nursing process except
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nursing process assessment to evaluation is dynamic (adaptive), cyclical (ongoing), and universal (standard) e.g., used globally for care plans. Intrapersonal (within one person) doesn't apply; it's interpersonal, involving nurse-patient interaction. This framework's flexibility ensures tailored, effective nursing across settings.
Question 5 of 9
All organisms in an ecosystem are involved in the carbon cycle. Outline the roles of living organisms in the carbon cycle.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Plants fixing CO2 in photosynthesis (A) is a primary carbon cycle role, initiating the process. Animals (B), decomposers (C), and humans (D) follow. A is correct. Rationale: Photosynthesis converts CO2 into organic compounds, the cycle's foundation, per ecology, driving carbon flow through ecosystems.
Question 6 of 9
A terminally ill patient usually experiences all of the following feelings during the anger stage except:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Numbness is typical of depression, not the anger stage.
Question 7 of 9
An 8-year-old is admitted with drooling, muffled phonation, and a temperature of 102°F. The nurse should immediately notify the doctor because the child's symptoms are suggestive of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Drooling, muffled voice, and fever in an 8-year-old suggest epiglottitis, a life-threatening airway emergency requiring immediate physician notification for intervention like intubation. Strep throat lacks drooling, laryngotracheobronchitis features a barky cough, and tonsillitis doesn't typically muffle speech. Nurses act swiftly, recognizing this triad as a red flag for rapid airway obstruction.
Question 8 of 9
In a CLOSED system, which of the following is true?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A closed system, per systems theory, is isolated e.g., a candle dies under glass from no oxygen. Unlike open systems (Roy's humans), it blocks matter, energy, or information, a 'sole island.' Nurses contrast this with patients' open-system needs, like environmental adjustments, per theoretical models.
Question 9 of 9
According to the Biopsychosocial and spiritual theory of Sister Callista Roy, Man, As a SOCIAL being is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Roy's Adaptation Model (1970s) sees humans as biopsychosocial-spiritual beings. Socially, people share traits with some others e.g., community roles but differ psychologically (unique thoughts). Biologically and spiritually, humans are alike (e.g., physiology, faith capacity). This nuanced view guides nurses to tailor social support e.g., family counseling enhancing adaptive care.