ATI LPN
Hematologic System Assessment Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client has come into the free clinic asking to be tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infection. The client asks the nurse how the test works. The nurse responds that if the testing shows that antibodies to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus are present in the blood, this indicates that the client has which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: An HIV infection. The presence of antibodies to the AIDS virus in the blood indicates that the client has been exposed to HIV and their immune system has produced antibodies against it. This does not mean the client is immune to HIV (choice A) as HIV infection can still occur. It also does not necessarily mean the immune system is intact (choice B) as the presence of antibodies can indicate exposure to the virus. Additionally, the presence of antibodies does not indicate the client has an AIDS-related complication (choice C) as AIDS is a later stage of HIV infection.
Question 2 of 5
The mother asks the nurse if her child's iron deficiency anemia is related to the child's frequent infections. The nurse responds based on the understanding of which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Children with iron deficiency anemia are more susceptible to infection than are other children. Iron is crucial for the immune system to function optimally. In iron deficiency anemia, the body lacks enough iron to produce hemoglobin, which can impair the immune response, making individuals more prone to infections. Therefore, children with iron deficiency anemia are indeed more susceptible to infections. Explanation of other choices: A: Little is known about iron-deficiency anemia and its relationship to infection in children - This is incorrect as there is a clear understanding of the link between iron deficiency anemia and susceptibility to infections. C: Children with iron-deficiency anemia are less susceptible to infection than are other children - This is incorrect as iron deficiency impairs the immune response, making individuals more susceptible to infections. D: Children with iron-deficient anemia are equally as susceptible to infection as are other children - This is incorrect as iron deficiency compromises the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to
Question 3 of 5
Polycythemia vera is a disorder of the blood-producing cells of the bone marrow. This disorder results in which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Overproduction of red blood cells. Polycythemia vera is characterized by the excessive production of red blood cells in the bone marrow, leading to an increased number of red blood cells in the bloodstream. This condition can result in thickening of the blood, increased risk of blood clots, and potential complications such as stroke or heart attack. Explanation of why other choices are incorrect: A: Underproduction of white blood cells - Polycythemia vera does not involve a decrease in white blood cell production. B: Underproduction of platelets - Polycythemia vera does not lead to a decrease in platelet production. D: Overproduction of bone cells - Polycythemia vera does not affect the production of bone cells; it specifically involves the overproduction of red blood cells.
Question 4 of 5
Imagine this. You enter the unit as an RN on your first day on the job. You breathe in the smell of awesomeness and drink your Starbucks coffee. You see that you are taking care of a Mr. Smith who has been diagnosed Polycythemia Vera. Because you are so freakin' awesome, you know that Mr. Smith is at risk for which of the following complications?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Excessive Bleeding. Polycythemia Vera is a condition characterized by an overproduction of red blood cells, leading to increased blood viscosity and risk of thrombosis. Due to the increased number of red blood cells, there is a higher risk of clot formation, which can result in complications such as thrombosis, stroke, or heart attack. Excessive bleeding can also occur as a result of abnormal blood clotting mechanisms in Polycythemia Vera. Pruritus (choice B) is a common symptom but not a direct complication of Polycythemia Vera. Hepatomegaly (choice C) and Pancreatitis (choice D) are not commonly associated complications of Polycythemia Vera.
Question 5 of 5
The term 'leukopenia' is the medical term for which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Too few white blood cells. Leukopenia refers to a decrease in white blood cells. White blood cells are crucial for the immune system to fight infections. Easy bleeding and bruising (A) are associated with low platelets, not white blood cells. Too few red blood cells (C) is known as anemia. While white blood cells are important for immunity, platelets help with blood clotting, and red blood cells carry oxygen.