A client has a new prescription for sertraline. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to include is to 'Avoid consuming grapefruit juice.' Grapefruit juice can increase sertraline levels, leading to an elevated risk of side effects. Instructing the client to avoid grapefruit juice is crucial to prevent potential interactions that could impact the effectiveness and safety of the medication. The other options are not directly related to sertraline administration. Taking the medication in the morning may vary depending on individual preferences or the prescriber's directions. Taking the medication with a full glass of water is a general instruction for many medications and not specific to sertraline. Monitoring for signs of weight gain is important but not a direct instruction related to taking sertraline.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tardive dyskinesia. Tardive dyskinesia is a serious side effect associated with the long-term use of haloperidol. It is characterized by involuntary movements of the face, tongue, and extremities. Early detection is crucial as tardive dyskinesia may be irreversible and should be reported promptly to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because weight gain, dry mouth, and tremors are common side effects of haloperidol but are not as concerning as tardive dyskinesia. While they should still be monitored and managed, tardive dyskinesia requires immediate attention due to its potentially irreversible nature.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Choice B is correct because APRNs are trained to adopt a holistic approach, addressing physical, emotional, and social aspects of health, and often involve patients in care decisions, improving satisfaction and outcomes. Choice A is incorrect as it exaggerates pharmacology knowledge; APRNs study it extensively, but so do physicians, making superiority unproven. Choice C is wrong because APRNs' prescribing of narcotics varies by practice and isn't inherently less than others. Choice D is false since independent prescribing isn't universal—state laws differ, and some require oversight, similar to physician assistants.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Choice A is correct because a loading dose, like azithromycin's higher first-day dose, quickly elevates drug levels to the therapeutic range for faster effect. Choice B is incorrect as steady state, not loading, takes four to five half-lives; loading bypasses this delay. Choice C is wrong because renal function affects maintenance dosing, not the loading concept. Choice D is incorrect since circulation to tissues is a distribution issue, not the purpose of a loading dose.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Choice A is correct because bioavailability—the fraction of drug reaching systemic circulation—is critical for drugs with narrow therapeutic ranges (where small changes risk toxicity or inefficacy) and sustained-release forms (where release rate affects duration). Choice B is incorrect as bioavailability varies by formulation, not all brands are identical. Choice C is wrong because dosing frequency doesn't inherently increase bioavailability. Choice D is incorrect since inert substances can alter absorption, impacting bioavailability.