ATI LPN
LPN Nursing Fundamentals Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client has a new diagnosis of osteoarthritis and is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included in the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct statement to include in the teaching is to increase the intake of vitamin D-rich foods. Vitamin D helps improve calcium absorption, which is beneficial for bone health and may help alleviate symptoms of osteoarthritis. Option A is incorrect because while calcium is important for bone health, the focus should be on vitamin D for calcium absorption. Option B is incorrect as potassium is generally not restricted in osteoarthritis. Option D is also incorrect as sodium restriction is more relevant for conditions like hypertension or heart failure, not specifically for osteoarthritis.
Question 2 of 5
Polyhydramnios means amniotic fluid volume more than:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Polyhydramnios is excess amniotic fluid, complicating pregnancy. Normal volume at term is 500-1000 ml. Polyhydramnios is diagnosed above 2000 ml (choice C) via ultrasound (amniotic fluid index >24 cm), often due to fetal anomalies (e.g., esophageal atresia) or maternal diabetes. 1000 ml (choice A) is normal, 1500 ml (choice B) is borderline, and 2500 ml (choice D) exceeds typical thresholds but isn't the standard cutoff. C is correct, per obstetric guidelines. Nurses monitor for preterm labor or distress, supporting maternal-fetal care.
Question 3 of 5
Nephrotic syndrome is characterised by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nephrotic syndrome disrupts kidney filtration. Proteinuria (choice A) exceeds 3.5 g/day, causing hypoalbuminemia. Edema (choice B) results from low oncotic pressure, fluid shifting to tissues. Hyperlipidemia (choice C) occurs as the liver compensates for protein loss. All (choice D) are hallmarks, correct per definition. Nurses monitor urine protein, manage swelling, and educate on diet, addressing this triad.
Question 4 of 5
The client is in stress because he was told by the physician he needs to undergo surgery for removal of tumor in his bladder. Which of the following are effects of sympatho-adrenomedullary response by the client? 1. Constipation 2. Urinary frequency 3. Hyperglycemia 4. Increased blood pressure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The sympatho-adrenomedullary response, part of the fight-or-flight reaction to stress (surgery news), releases catecholamines like epinephrine, causing hyperglycemia (3) and increased blood pressure (4). Hyperglycemia results from glycogenolysis to fuel energy needs. Blood pressure rises due to vasoconstriction and increased heart rate. Constipation (1) isn't immediate; stress slows digestion long-term. Urinary frequency (2) contradicts the response's fluid retention. Only 3 and 4 (A) match acute sympathetic activation, making it correct over broader or incorrect combinations.
Question 5 of 5
Kenneth, 25 year old diagnosed with HIV felt that he had not lived up with God's expectation. He fears that in the course of his illness, God will be punitive and not be supportive. What kind of spiritual crisis is Kenneth experiencing? 1. Spiritual Pain 2. Spiritual Anxiety 3. Spiritual Guilt 4. Spiritual Despair
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kenneth faces spiritual anxiety (2) and guilt (3). Anxiety stems from fear of divine punishment, and guilt from feeling he failed God's expectations, per spiritual distress frameworks. Spiritual pain (1) involves loss or meaning, not fear-based here. Despair (4) is hopelessness, not evident as he fears, not resigns. HIV's stigma amplifies 2 and 3, making B (2,3) correct.