A client has a diagnosis of AIDS complicated by chronic diarrhea. What nursing intervention would be appropriate?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Obtaining a stool culture is important to identify possible pathogens causing chronic diarrhea in a client with AIDS. This intervention will help determine the appropriate treatment and management plan. A: Positioning the client in high Fowler position is not directly related to managing chronic diarrhea in this case. B: Temporarily eliminating animal protein from the diet may not be necessary and could deprive the client of essential nutrients. C: Making sure the client eats raw fruit may exacerbate diarrhea due to the high fiber content, which could worsen the condition. In summary, obtaining a stool culture is crucial for identifying the cause of chronic diarrhea in a client with AIDS, while the other options are not directly related or may even be counterproductive.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Corticosteroid. Corticosteroids are typically the first-line treatment for autoimmune hemolytic anemia as they help suppress the immune system's attack on red blood cells. They reduce inflammation and prevent further destruction of red blood cells. Blood transfusions (B) may be necessary in severe cases to address anemia but do not treat the underlying autoimmune process. Immunosuppressant drugs (C) are used if corticosteroids are ineffective or not tolerated. Removal of the spleen (D) may be considered in refractory cases but is not usually the initial treatment choice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Verifies that the client has given informed consent. Before performing any invasive procedure like a bone marrow aspiration, it is crucial for the nurse to ensure that the client has given informed consent. This involves explaining the procedure, risks, benefits, and alternatives to the client, allowing them to ask questions, and obtaining their signature on the consent form. This step is essential to ensure the client understands the procedure and willingly agrees to it. Choice A is incorrect because cleaning the biopsy site with an antiseptic should be done in the treatment room, not before taking the client there. Choice B, holding the client's hand and asking about concerns, is a good practice for providing emotional support but does not address the necessary step of verifying informed consent. Choice C, reviewing the client's platelet count, is important for assessing the client's readiness for the procedure but does not address the consent aspect, which is crucial before any invasive procedure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The Schilling test assesses the client's ability to absorb vitamin B12, as it evaluates the absorption of an orally administered radioactive B12. First, the client is given a dose of radioactive B12 orally, and urine samples are collected to measure how much of the radioactive B12 is excreted. If the client is unable to absorb vitamin B12 properly, a second test is performed with intrinsic factor to determine the cause. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as the Schilling test specifically focuses on the absorption, not storage, digestion, or production of vitamin B12.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The iliac crest is the best source for active bone marrow in a 20-year-old because it contains a high concentration of hematopoietic stem cells responsible for blood cell production. It is easily accessible, minimizing risks associated with harvesting. The femur, distal radius, and tibia have lower concentrations of active bone marrow and are less commonly used for bone marrow aspiration. Therefore, the iliac crest is the optimal choice for obtaining active bone marrow in this scenario.