A client had a craniotomy for excision of a brain tumor. After surgery, the nurse monitors the client for increased intracranial pressure. Which clinical finding supports an increase in intracranial pressure?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Lowered consciousness (D) supports increased ICP post-craniotomy, reflecting brain compression. Weak pulse (A) or narrow pulse pressure (B) are late. Shallow breathing (C) isn't specific. D is correct. Rationale: LOC decline is an early, reliable ICP sign, guiding urgent intervention, per neurosurgical care standards.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hildegard Peplau's Interpersonal Relations Model centers on the individual, emphasizing the nurse-client relationship as a therapeutic tool for personal growth and problem-solving. Unlike models targeting communities or families, Peplau's framework views nursing as an interpersonal process where the nurse supports the client's emotional and health needs through phases like orientation and resolution. For instance, helping a client cope with anxiety post-diagnosis focuses on their unique experience, not broader societal dynamics. This individual focus distinguishes her theory, fostering tailored interventions that enhance client autonomy and well-being in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Reducing iatrogenic infections those caused by healthcare requires proper IV procedures, as catheter sites are common infection entry points. Correct technique, like sterile insertion and maintenance, prevents pathogen introduction. Teaching hand washing helps clients but not staff-related infections, while bagging linens or isolating TB addresses specific cases, not broad iatrogenic risks. This action directly lowers infection rates tied to nursing interventions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The skin, the largest organ, protects and regulates, unlike intestines or kidneys. Nurses prioritize skin care for its extensive role in health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: An irregular radial pulse requires apical assessment for accuracy, as chest auscultation better detects rhythm issues. Longer radial or carotid checks are less precise. Nurses confirm this for cardiac evaluation.