ATI LPN
Renal System Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client diagnosed with major depressive disorder is being assessed for treatment options. Which statement by the nurse best explains the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ECT is indicated when rapid symptom relief is necessary, especially in severe depression.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is admitted to the ICU after a motor vehicle accident. On the second day of the hospital admission, the patient develops acute kidney injury. The patient is hemodynamically unstable, but renal replacement therapy is needed to manage the patients hypervolemia and hyperkalemia. Which of the following therapies will the patients hemodynamic status best tolerate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: CVVHD facilitates the removal of uremic toxins and fluid. The hemodynamic effects of CVVHD are usually mild in comparison to hemodialysis, so CVVHD is best tolerated by an unstable patient. Peritoneal dialysis is not the best choice, as the patient may have sustained abdominal injuries during the accident and catheter placement would be risky. Plasmapheresis does not achieve fluid removal and electrolyte balance.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for an unstable patient with acute kidney injury. What therapy would the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: CRRT is preferred for unstable patients due to its gentle effect.
Question 4 of 5
Match the description 'Passively permeable to water under ADH stimulation' to the structure: A) proximal convoluted tubule, B) descending limb of the nephron loop, C) collecting duct, D) ascending limb of the nephron loop.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The collecting duct (C) becomes water-permeable with ADH via aquaporin-2, concentrating urine. The proximal tubule (A) and descending limb (B) are always permeable, and ascending limb (D) is not, making C the ADH-dependent match.
Question 5 of 5
If you took a drug that inhibited the reabsorption of Na⺠in the PCT, you would:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inhibiting Na⺠reabsorption in the PCT (A) reduces water reabsorption, increasing urine output (diuresis). Decreased output (B) contradicts this, and bilirubin (C) or fat (D) effects are unrelated to sodium, making A correct.