A client diagnosed with influenza asks the nurse what he can do to recover more quickly. Which should the nurse recommend to this client?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Resting in bed and drinking plenty of fluids are the most effective self-care measures for recovering from influenza, a viral illness. Rest reduces physical strain, allowing the immune system to focus energy on fighting the virus, while hydration thins mucus, prevents dehydration from fever, and supports overall recovery. Acetaminophen relieves symptoms like fever and aches but doesn't speed recovery itself. Antibiotics target bacteria, not viruses, so they're inappropriate unless a secondary bacterial infection occurs, which requires medical evaluation. Zinc lozenges lack consistent evidence for shortening flu duration and aren't a primary recommendation. The nurse's advice prioritizes foundational care rest and fluids proven to support the body's natural healing process, aligning with CDC guidelines for uncomplicated flu management, ensuring the client recovers efficiently without unnecessary interventions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse explains that influenza contagiousness spans 24 hours before symptoms to 5 days after onset, per CDC data, reflecting the virus's shedding pattern highest early but persisting as the body clears it. This informs the client to isolate effectively, protecting others, especially vulnerable contacts. Being contagious only with fever is false viral shedding occurs without fever, especially later. Ten days overestimates typical shedding (up to 7 days in some, not standard), risking unnecessary isolation. Until feeling better is vague contagiousness ties to virology, not subjective wellness. This precise timeline empowers the client to manage transmission, balancing recovery with public health, critical in flu's rapid spread scenarios.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Asthma (B) does not cause compressive atelectasis; it leads to resorption atelectasis via mucus plugs obstructing airways, trapping gas that's resorbed, collapsing alveoli. Compressive atelectasis results from external pressure on lung tissue. Pneumothorax (A) compresses lung via air in the pleural cavity. Congestive cardiac failure (C) causes fluid buildup (e.g., pleural effusion or pulmonary edema), compressing alveoli. Pleural effusion (D) collapses lung via fluid pressure. Peritonitis (original E) elevates the diaphragm, compressing lungs. Page 714 notes compression atelectasis shifts mediastinum away from the affected lung, unlike resorption's shift toward it. Asthma's mechanism bronchial obstruction differs from the external compression of A, C, D, relying on mucus rather than pleural or parenchymal pressure, making B the exception.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Increased mucosal gland depth (Reid index) (D) is a major morphological change in chronic bronchitis'. Choice A (lymphocyte infiltration) is true but less dominant. Choice B is false; goblet cells increase, especially in small airways. Choice C (smooth muscle hypertrophy) is asthma-related. Choice E (normal Reid index 0.4) is incorrect; it rises in disease. Page 722 emphasizes D's gland hyperplasia measured as gland-to-wall thickness ratio as the primary structural shift from chronic irritation, driving mucus production, unlike B's decrease or C's misplacement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Bronchiectasis is sometimes caused by influenza infection (B), among pathogens like adenovirus or Staph aureus. Choice A is false; obstruction and infection together drive it, not infection alone. Choice C is incorrect; it's a feature of IBD (e.g., ulcerative colitis). Choice D is wrong; sputum is purulent, not clear. Choice E (CF from obstruction/infection) is true. Page 727 notes B's role post-influenza necrosis dilates airways, a known trigger, distinguishing it over A's sole etiology or D's sputum error.