ATI LPN
Quiz Questions Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client diagnosed with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is currently bleeding through the gastrointestinal tract. Which prescription does the nurse anticipate for this client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: In DIC, there is widespread clotting depleting clotting factors and platelets, leading to bleeding. Fresh frozen plasma and platelets are indicated to replenish these factors. Aspirin and Coumadin are anticoagulants and would worsen bleeding. Heparin is also an anticoagulant and not indicated in active bleeding.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse would prepare the parents of a child with suspected leukemia for which of the following tests that would confirm this diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bone marrow aspiration. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood and bone marrow, so bone marrow aspiration is the definitive test to confirm the diagnosis. It allows for the examination of the bone marrow cells to identify abnormal cells characteristic of leukemia. A: Lumbar puncture is used to assess the cerebrospinal fluid and is not specific for leukemia diagnosis. C: Complete blood count with differential can show abnormalities, but bone marrow aspiration is needed for a definitive diagnosis. D: Blood culture is used to detect infections, not leukemia. In summary, bone marrow aspiration is the most direct and accurate test for confirming leukemia, as it provides a detailed analysis of the bone marrow cells.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is taking care of a school-age child with acute glomerulonephritis who is taking potassium-sparing diuretics. The nurse anticipates discussing the diet with the child and his parents. The diet should include:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A sodium restriction. In acute glomerulonephritis, the kidneys are not effectively filtering out waste, leading to fluid retention and high blood pressure. Potassium-sparing diuretics help the kidneys remove excess fluid and sodium, so a sodium restriction is necessary to prevent fluid buildup and maintain electrolyte balance. Potassium-rich foods (choice A) should be limited due to the risk of hyperkalemia with potassium-sparing diuretics. Foods low in cholesterol (choice B) are not specifically indicated for acute glomerulonephritis. An increase in calories (choice C) is not necessary for this condition and may lead to weight gain, complicating management.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client to perform peritoneal dialysis in preparation for discharge to home. The nurse tells the client to use which of the following to prevent infection when connecting and disconnecting the peritoneal dialysis system?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Gloves and mask. Wearing gloves and a mask is essential when connecting and disconnecting the peritoneal dialysis system to prevent infection. Gloves protect against contact with contaminated fluids, while a mask prevents inhaling any potential pathogens. Goggles (choice C) are unnecessary as there is no risk of splashing in peritoneal dialysis. An apron (choice D) is also unnecessary since gloves provide adequate protection. Gloves alone (choice A) do not offer sufficient protection against potential respiratory infections. Therefore, the combination of gloves and a mask is the most appropriate choice to prevent infection during peritoneal dialysis procedures.
Question 5 of 5
A newborn is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease. Which clinical manifestations found on assessment support this newborn’s diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, failure to pass meconium and abdominal distension. Hirschsprung disease results in the absence of ganglion cells in the distal part of the colon, leading to functional obstruction. Failure to pass meconium is a classic sign due to the inability of affected segment to relax, causing stool accumulation. Abdominal distension occurs as a result of the buildup of stool and gas proximal to the affected segment. Choices A, C, and D do not align with the characteristic clinical manifestations of Hirschsprung disease. Acute diarrhea and dehydration are not typical symptoms. Currant jelly stools and pain are more indicative of intussusception. Projectile vomiting and altered electrolytes are not commonly associated with Hirschsprung disease.