A client asks the nurse if the body possesses any natural defenses against influenza. What information about natural defenses should the nurse provide to the client?

Questions 72

ATI LPN

ATI LPN Test Bank

NCLEX PN Questions on Respiratory System Questions

Question 1 of 5

A client asks the nurse if the body possesses any natural defenses against influenza. What information about natural defenses should the nurse provide to the client?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The body's natural defenses against influenza include viscous mucus secretions in the respiratory tract that trap viral particles, preventing deeper penetration, and local immunologic defenses like antibodies and inflammatory responses that neutralize the virus at entry points. This inflammation, triggered by immune cells, fights infection but causes symptoms like swelling or fever. Vasodilation occurs, but lowering body temperature isn't a defense fever actually helps combat viruses. Antihistamines aren't naturally released; they're medications, and catecholamines boost alertness, not immunity. Coughing clears mucus, but antidiuretic hormone inhibition isn't a flu defense it relates to fluid balance. The nurse explains mucus and local immunity as key barriers, educating the client on how the body resists influenza naturally before adaptive immunity fully activates, emphasizing their role in limiting viral spread and aiding recovery.

Question 2 of 5

Which adverse reaction should the nurse include in teaching a client who has received the influenza vaccine?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The nurse teaches that a sore muscle at the injection site is a common flu vaccine reaction, caused by needle trauma and local immune response, typically mild and short-lived (1–2 days). This prepares the client for a normal effect, per CDC data, reducing worry. Rhinorrhea and low-grade fever tie more to the live nasal spray, not the inactivated shot most receive. Hives and numbness signal rare allergic reactions, not routine teaching points. Malaise and myalgia occur occasionally but aren't as universal as site soreness. Highlighting this expected outcome ensures the client distinguishes it from serious issues, fostering vaccine trust and adherence by setting realistic post-shot expectations.

Question 3 of 5

Acute interstitial pneumonia

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) has no known etiology (B), with radiological and clinical parallels to ARDS'. Choice A is false; mean age is 50, not 30. Choice C is incorrect; it affects men and women equally. Choice D is wrong; it follows a short respiratory illness (<3 weeks), not urinary infections. Choice E (50% mortality) is true but not listed. Page 716 describes AIP as idiopathic, rapidly progressive, with 50% mortality, distinguishing B as the correct feature its unknown cause aligns with ARDS-like diffuse alveolar damage, unlike A's age error or D's unrelated trigger.

Question 4 of 5

What morphological features are NOT seen in asthma? (old paper 2004)

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Increased submucosal gland size (D) is not a hallmark of asthma; it's seen in chronic bronchitis. Choice A (Curschmann spirals mucus plugs with epithelium) is true. Choice B (Charcot-Leyden crystals eosinophil protein) is correct. Choice C (thickened basement membrane with inflammation) is typical. Choice E (eosinophils/mast cells) is asthma-specific. Page 726 lists asthma's features bronchial inflammation, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and mucus plugs but submucosal glands hypertrophy in bronchitis, not asthma, making D the exception.

Question 5 of 5

Coal workers pneumoconiosis

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) causes coal nodules (C), larger than macules. Choice A is false; unlike silicosis, it doesn't increase TB risk. Choice B is incorrect; complicated CWP is uncommon (<10%), not universal. Choice D is wrong; anthracosis (mild) affects urban dwellers/smokers, not just coal workers. Choice E (no cancer link) is true. Page 734 details C's morphology nodules from dust aggregation distinguish it over A's TB link or B's prevalence error.

Access More Questions!

ATI LPN Basic


$89/ 30 days

ATI LPN Premium


$150/ 90 days

Similar Questions