A circumscribed raised lesion that contains pus which may be formed as a result of purulent changes in a vesicle is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A pustule is a small, elevated lesion filled with pus, often evolving from vesicles due to infection (e.g., acne, impetigo). Macules are flat and discolored, papules are solid and raised, and nodules are deeper, larger masses. Nurses identify pustules during skin assessments, indicating bacterial involvement, guiding treatments like antibiotics or drainage to resolve inflammation and prevent spread.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model posits that individuals are adaptive systems interacting with a changing environment, where managing stressors fosters health and change. Nurses, per Roy, facilitate adaptation by manipulating environmental stimuli, aligning with the question's focus on stressor manipulation. Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory emphasizes self-care abilities, not stressor adaptation as a change mechanism. Imogene King's Goal Attainment Theory focuses on nurse-patient interactions to achieve health goals, not specifically stressor manipulation. Virginia Henderson's model defines nursing through 14 basic needs, prioritizing care assistance over adaptation to stressors. Roy's theory uniquely ties adaptation and stressor management to fostering change, as patients adjust to physical, emotional, or social challenges, making her the theorist best matching this description.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nursing's code of ethics, like the ANA's, defines principles autonomy, beneficence, justice, nonmaleficence guiding how nurses deliver care. It shapes professional conduct, ensuring respect for patient rights, dignity, and needs (e.g., informed consent). Improving self-health care applies to nurses personally but isn't the code's focus, which prioritizes clients. Ensuring identical care misinterprets ethics; it promotes fairness, not uniformity, as care varies by patient. Protecting clients from harm is an outcome of ethical practice (nonmaleficence), but the code's broader purpose is defining care principles, not just safety. These principles provide a moral framework, enabling nurses to navigate complex decisions, uphold trust, and maintain professionalism, making this the most comprehensive description of the code's role.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Good communication and critical thinking are paramount for accurate client information. Communication asking clear questions, listening elicits reliable responses (e.g., pain details), while critical thinking interprets them (e.g., linking symptoms), ensuring precision. Teaching and assessment are roles, not skills for extraction; teaching informs, not gathers. Cognitive skills and teaching experience overlap with critical thinking but miss communication's primacy experience aids, doesn't define. Psychomotor skills (e.g., measuring BP) collect objective data, not client perceptions. Together, communication and critical thinking unlock subjective insights, vital for a thorough, accurate assessment in nursing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Neuman's Systems Model emphasizes strengthening lines of defense. For a client with breathing difficulty, secondary prevention intervening after symptoms (e.g., oxygen, medication) bolsters the flexible line of defense, reducing stressor impact (e.g., hypoxia) and restoring stability. Self-care goals align with Orem, not Neuman biological focus is narrower. Physiological adaptation fits Roy's model, not Neuman's defense focus. Henderson's 14 needs are unrelated; Neuman prioritizes system integrity. Secondary prevention targets active issues, aligning with Neuman's framework, making this the nurse's approach in this theory-driven care.