ATI LPN
Perioperative Care Practice Questions Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A circulating nurse notes the surgeon dons gown and gloves using appropriate sterile procedure but then folds hands together below hips. What action by the nurse is best?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is assessing an adult patient following a motor vehicle accident. The nurse observes that the patient has an increased use of accessory muscles and is complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. The nurse should recognize the possibility of what condition?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-trauma symptoms like increased accessory muscle use, chest pain, and shortness of breath suggest a pneumothorax, where air in the pleural space collapses the lung, impairing ventilation. Accessory muscles (e.g., sternocleidomastoid) compensate for reduced lung expansion, while pain arises from pleural irritation or rib fractures, common in motor vehicle accidents. Anxiety may cause rapid breathing, but chest pain and accessory muscle use are less typical unless panic mimics trauma effects, which history rules out. Acute bronchitis, an inflammatory condition, presents with cough and mucus, not trauma-related dyspnea or pain. Aspiration involves inhaling foreign material, causing cough or infection, not immediate post-accident symptoms. The nurse's recognition of pneumothorax prompts urgent imaging (e.g., chest X-ray) and intervention (e.g., chest tube), critical given its potential to progress to tension pneumothorax in a trauma setting.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a 46-year-old patient recently diagnosed with the early stages of lung cancer. The nurse is aware that the preferred method of treating patients with nonsmall cell tumors is what?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: For early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), surgical resection is the preferred treatment when tumors are localized, there's no metastasis, and the patient has adequate cardiopulmonary reserve. This approach e.g., lobectomy offers the best chance for cure by physically removing the malignancy, leveraging NSCLC's slower growth compared to small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Chemotherapy and radiation are adjuncts or alternatives when surgery isn't feasible (e.g., advanced disease, poor surgical candidacy), targeting systemic or residual cancer. Bronchoscopy relieves airway obstruction but doesn't treat the tumor itself. The nurse's awareness of surgery's primacy informs patient education on procedure risks (e.g., infection, pneumothorax), recovery (e.g., pain management), and prognosis, aligning with guidelines like those from the American Cancer Society for optimizing outcomes in early NSCLC.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a young adult patient whose medical history includes an alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. This deficiency predisposes the patient to what health problem?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency predisposes young adults to lobular emphysema, a form of COPD, by impairing lung protection. AAT, a protease inhibitor, neutralizes neutrophil elastase, which otherwise degrades alveolar elastin unchecked in deficiency states, causing early-onset emphysema, often sans smoking. This destruction yields air trapping and hyperinflation, hallmarks of lobular emphysema, typically in the lower lobes. Pulmonary edema, fluid in alveoli, stems from cardiac failure or ARDS, not AAT loss. Cystic fibrosis involves CFTR mutations, not AAT, affecting mucus viscosity. Empyema, pleural infection, isn't linked to AAT deficiency. The nurse's recognition of this genetic risk confirmed by AAT levels guides monitoring (e.g., spirometry) and counseling (e.g., avoiding smoke), critical for delaying progression in this rare, inherited condition.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is documenting the results of assessment of a patient with bronchiectasis. What would the nurse most likely include in documentation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In bronchiectasis, clubbing of the fingers is a likely finding for documentation, resulting from chronic hypoxia as dilated bronchi impair gas exchange. This physical sign widened, rounded fingertips reflects prolonged respiratory insufficiency from copious sputum and recurrent infections, common in this condition. Sudden pleuritic chest pain suggests pulmonary embolism or pleurisy, not bronchiectasis's chronic course. Wheezes indicate bronchospasm, typical in asthma, not the wet cough of bronchiectasis. Increased A-P diameter (barrel chest) occurs in COPD's emphysema, not bronchiectasis's bronchial dilation. The nurse's note on clubbing observed via inspection captures a key clinical feature, aiding diagnosis tracking and care planning (e.g., oxygen needs) for this irreversible airway disease.