ATI LPN
Immune System Exam Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A child with nephrotic syndrome has been placed on prednisone for several weeks. An important point of teaching with the parents should include:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Never stop the medication suddenly. This is important because stopping prednisone suddenly can lead to adrenal insufficiency due to the suppression of the adrenal glands. The other choices are incorrect because B is inaccurate as prednisone is usually taken daily, not just once a week. C is incorrect as there is no specific time of day that prednisone must be taken. D is also incorrect as prednisone is typically taken with food to reduce stomach irritation.
Question 2 of 5
A child with inflammatory bowel disease is prescribed prednisone daily. At which time is it most appropriate for the family to administer the prednisone?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: With meals. Prednisone can cause stomach irritation, so taking it with food helps reduce this risk. Administering with meals also helps minimize gastrointestinal side effects. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as taking prednisone between meals or at bedtime can increase the likelihood of stomach upset and reduce its effectiveness due to varying absorption rates. Administering prednisone one hour before meals may not provide enough protection against stomach irritation.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is instructing a parent of a newborn on the foods that are to be started based on age. The nurse instructs the parent that the first food given to a newborn is rice cereal. What statement by the parent suggests appropriate understanding of the next food that can be introduced?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fruits should be given next. This is because after introducing rice cereal, the next recommended food for infants is usually fruits. Fruits are easily digestible and provide essential nutrients. Chicken and eggs are common allergenic foods and are usually introduced later. Whole milk is not recommended until after the first year of life due to its high protein and mineral content, which can strain the infant's kidneys. Thus, choosing fruits as the next food to introduce shows an appropriate understanding of the recommended feeding progression for infants.
Question 4 of 5
In caring for a 4-year-old child with a diagnosis of suspected child abuse, which is the best nursing intervention?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Provide the child with play situations that allow for disclosure. This intervention is crucial as it provides a safe and non-threatening environment for the child to express their feelings and disclose any abuse they may have experienced. By engaging the child in play situations, the child may feel more comfortable opening up about the abuse. A: Avoid touching the child - This is incorrect as it does not address the child's emotional needs or provide an opportunity for the child to communicate about the abuse. C: Discourage the child from remembering the incident - This is incorrect as it can hinder the child's healing process and prevent them from receiving appropriate support and intervention. D: Deny the suspected perpetrator visiting rights to the child - While this may be necessary for the child's safety, it does not directly address the child's emotional needs or provide a supportive environment for disclosure.
Question 5 of 5
The infant with congestive heart failure (CHF) has a need for:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D - Increased calories Rationale: 1. Infants with CHF have increased metabolic demands due to their heart working harder. 2. Increased caloric intake helps meet the energy needs for the heart and body. 3. Adequate calories promote growth and development in infants with CHF. Summary of other choices: A. Decreased fat: Fat provides essential fatty acids and energy, important for growth and development. Decreasing fat may lead to inadequate energy intake. B. Increased fluids: While fluid restriction may be necessary in some cases of CHF, it is not a primary need. Fluid management is crucial but not the main focus in this scenario. C. Decreased protein: Protein is essential for growth, repair, and immune function. Decreasing protein may lead to muscle wasting and compromised immune function.