ATI LPN
Multiple Choice Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A child with meningococcemia is being admitted to the pediatric intensive-care unit. Which room assignment is the most appropriate for this child?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Private room, in respiratory isolation. This is because meningococcemia is spread through respiratory droplets. Placing the child in a private room with respiratory isolation measures helps prevent the spread of the disease to other patients and healthcare workers. Choice A (Semiprivate room) is incorrect as it does not provide sufficient isolation to prevent transmission. Choice B (Private room, but not in isolation) is incorrect because meningococcemia requires isolation precautions due to its mode of transmission. Choice C (Private room, in protective isolation) is incorrect as protective isolation is typically used for patients with compromised immune systems, not for meningococcemia which requires respiratory isolation.
Question 2 of 5
A preschool-age child is brought to the clinic by the mother, who says the child has been lethargic and anorexic lately and complains of bone pain. On exam, the nurse notes petechiae, joint pain, and an enlarged liver. Which diagnosis does the nurse anticipate for this child?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Leukemia. The child's symptoms of lethargy, anorexia, bone pain, petechiae, joint pain, and an enlarged liver are indicative of leukemia, a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. The combination of symptoms suggests hematologic malignancy, which is characteristic of leukemia. Hodgkin disease (A), Rhabdomyosarcoma (C), and Ewing sarcoma (D) are not typically associated with the constellation of symptoms described. Leukemia commonly presents with bone pain, fatigue, bruising, and hepatosplenomegaly, aligning with the child's clinical findings.
Question 3 of 5
The client has been diagnosed to have glomerulonephritis. What should the nurse observe in the urine?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presence of blood in the urine (hematuria) is a common indicator of glomerulonephritis due to inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys, causing leakage of red blood cells into the urine. White blood cells and glucose are typically not associated with this condition. Albumin is commonly seen in conditions like nephrotic syndrome, not necessarily in glomerulonephritis. In summary, observing blood in the urine is crucial for detecting glomerulonephritis, as it indicates kidney inflammation and damage.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is reviewing a patient’s chart and notices that the child suffers from a urinary tract infection. Which of the following microorganisms is related to this condition?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Escherichia coli. E. coli is a common cause of urinary tract infections due to its ability to colonize the urinary tract and cause infection. It is a gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the gut. Clostridium botulinum causes botulism, Corynebacterium diphtheriae causes diphtheria, and Helicobacter pylori causes stomach ulcers, not urinary tract infections. E. coli's presence in the urinary tract can lead to inflammation and infection, making it the correct choice in this scenario.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is planning postoperative care for an infant after a cleft-lip repair. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for this infant?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Supine or side-lying positioning. This positioning helps prevent trauma to the surgical site, promotes comfort, and facilitates optimal healing. Prone positioning (A) may increase the risk of pressure on the surgical area. Suctioning with a Yankauer device (B) is not indicated unless necessary for airway clearance. Avoiding soft elbow restraints (D) is not directly related to cleft-lip repair care.