ATI LPN
ATI Practice Questions Pediatrics Questions
Question 1 of 9
A child with a history of cystic fibrosis is diagnosed to have pneumonia. The sputum culture reveals Burkholderia cepacia. The next step in management is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: IV antibiotics are required for Burkholderia cepacia pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, per CFF, due to resistance. A, B, D, E are inadequate.
Question 2 of 9
The parents of a newborn are concerned that their son's scrotum is enlarged and swollen on one side. The nurse's best response would be:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A hydrocele (C), fluid in the scrotum, often resolves by 1 year. Size difference (A) is normal but not swollen, bruising (B) or blood (D) suggest hematoma, not fluid. Document: 'These signs are indicative of a hydrocele… [that] usually corrects itself in a year.'
Question 3 of 9
A pediatric nurse examines the abdomen of a preschool-aged child brought to the doctor's office by the grandmother because of vomiting over the last several days. Upon inspection, the nurse observes that the child's stomach is distended. Based on these data, which condition does the nurse suspect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Persistent vomiting with abdominal distension suggests an intestinal obstruction , which prevents normal passage of contents, causing backup and swelling. Kidney failure affects urination, displaced organs are congenital, and omphalitis is an umbilical issue, none matching these symptoms.
Question 4 of 9
Which form of CAM therapy can easily be mistaken for child abuse because of the lingering marks on the skin after treatment?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Coin rubbing (C), or 'Cao-gio,' leaves skin marks that mimic abuse. Reflexology (A), Ayurveda (B), and acupressure (D) don’t typically mark skin. Document: 'Coin rubbing… can easily be mistaken for child abuse because of the lingering marks.'
Question 5 of 9
Which of the following is the most common clinical feature at presentation in acute rheumatic fever (ARF)?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acute rheumatic fever (ARF) is a complication of group A Streptococcus infection, diagnosed by the Jones criteria. Arthritis (Choice A) is the most common presenting feature, occurring in 60-75% of cases, typically as migratory polyarthritis affecting large joints. Carditis (Choice B) occurs in 50-60% of cases and is a major criterion, but it’s less frequent at initial presentation than arthritis. Erythema marginatum (Choice C) and subcutaneous nodules (Choice D) are rare, occurring in <5% and <1% of cases, respectively, and are not the most common presenting features. Arthritis’s high prevalence and early onset make it the correct answer.
Question 6 of 9
Most common cardiac abnormality in patients with Marfan syndrome is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aortic root dilation is the most common cardiac issue in Marfan syndrome, per AAP (doc p151, Q607).
Question 7 of 9
How would you reduce anxiety in a child on admission? select all
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Involving parents C and familiar faces D III, IV reduce anxiety, per document 7.
Question 8 of 9
A 3-year-old boy presents with fever and a limp. Hip aspiration yields pus. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Septic arthritis fits fever and pus, per AAP. A, C-E lack pus.
Question 9 of 9
When caring for a neonate with imperforate anus, observe urine for
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Meconium D in urine suggests fistula, per document p18, 5.