ATI LPN
Nclex-Pn Practice Questions Pediatrics Questions
Question 1 of 5
A child with a history of cystic fibrosis appears with fever and respiratory distress. Chest x-ray reveals hyperinflation and perihilar infiltrates. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis exacerbation fits fever, distress, and x-ray findings, per CFF. A-C, E are less likely.
Question 2 of 5
A 7-year-old boy presents with chest pain and a murmur. Echocardiogram shows mitral valve prolapse. The next step is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Observation is standard for asymptomatic mitral valve prolapse, per AHA. A, B, D, E are for complications.
Question 3 of 5
A 5-year-old boy presents with fever and a red, swollen knee. Aspiration shows gram-positive cocci. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Septic arthritis features fever, swollen joint, and gram-positive cocci, per AAP. B-E lack infection.
Question 4 of 5
A 4-year-old girl presents with fever and a pruritic rash starting on the trunk. Exam shows vesicles and crusts. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chickenpox presents with fever and a pruritic vesicular rash, per CDC. A, C-E have different rash patterns.
Question 5 of 5
A 2-month-old infant presents with projectile vomiting and dehydration. Labs show hypochloremic alkalosis. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pyloric stenosis causes projectile vomiting and hypochloremic alkalosis, per AAP. A, C-E differ in labs.