ATI LPN
Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A child who has beta-thalassemia is receiving numerous blood transfusions. The child is also receiving deferoxamine (Desferal) therapy. The parents ask how the deferoxamine will help their child. Which rationale does the nurse use when responding to the parents?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: It prevents iron overload. Deferoxamine is a chelating agent that helps remove excess iron from the body, which is a common complication of frequent blood transfusions in patients with beta-thalassemia. Iron overload can lead to organ damage and other serious complications. Therefore, by using deferoxamine, the child can prevent the harmful effects of iron accumulation. A: Incorrect. Deferoxamine does not prevent blood transfusion reactions. It specifically targets iron overload. B: Incorrect. Deferoxamine does not stimulate red blood cell production. It is used to remove excess iron. C: Incorrect. Deferoxamine does not provide vitamin supplementation. Its main function is iron chelation.
Question 2 of 5
A 24-hour urine collection for vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) has been ordered on a child suspected of having neuroblastoma. When is the most appropriate time for the nurse to begin the collection?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: After the next time the child voids. This is because the first void is discarded to ensure that the urine collection is accurate. By starting the collection after the next void, we can capture a full 24-hour sample. Choice A is incorrect because starting at 0700 does not account for the child's first void. Choice C is incorrect because starting at bedtime also does not allow for the exclusion of the first void. Choice D is incorrect as starting when the order is noted does not ensure the accuracy of the collection.
Question 3 of 5
When caring for a child with leukemia, which of the following goals should be considered primary?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Preventing infection. In children with leukemia, the primary goal is to prevent infection due to their compromised immune system. Infection can be life-threatening for these patients. Providing a safe environment, proper hand hygiene, and monitoring for signs of infection are crucial. Meeting developmental needs (A) and promoting adequate nutrition (B) are important but secondary to preventing infection. Promoting diversionary activity (D) is beneficial for psychosocial well-being but not as critical as preventing infection in a child with leukemia.
Question 4 of 5
A child with nephrotic syndrome is severely edematous. The primary health-care provider has placed the child on bed rest. An important nursing intervention for this child should be to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Reposition the child every two hours. In nephrotic syndrome, edema is common due to protein loss. Bed rest helps reduce fluid retention. Repositioning every two hours prevents pressure ulcers. Monitoring blood pressure frequently (B) is not necessary unless indicated. Encouraging fluids (C) can exacerbate edema. Limiting visitors (D) is not directly related to managing edema.
Question 5 of 5
A child has undergone a kidney transplant and is receiving tacrolimus and cyclosporine. The parents ask the nurse about the reason for these two medications. The nurse should explain that these medications are given to
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Suppress rejection. Tacrolimus and cyclosporine are immunosuppressant medications used to prevent the body's immune system from attacking the transplanted kidney. By suppressing the immune response, these medications help reduce the risk of rejection and allow the body to accept the new organ. Boosting immunity (Choice A) would be counterproductive in this scenario as it could lead to rejection. Decreasing pain (Choice C) and improving circulation (Choice D) are not the primary purposes of these medications in the context of a kidney transplant.