ATI LPN
Questions About the Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A child undergoing chemotherapy treatment has the following laboratory values: Absolute neutrophil count of 400 mm3; Hematocrit (HCT) 32%; Platelet Count 150,000 per microliter; Serum Potassium 4.5 mmol/L. The pediatric nurse correctly determines that the child is at risk for:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Infection. A low Absolute neutrophil count indicates neutropenia, which increases the risk of infection due to decreased ability to fight off pathogens. Hematocrit and Platelet Count are within normal range, so anemia and bleeding are not immediate concerns. Serum Potassium level is normal, ruling out cardiac arrest risk. Therefore, the child is at highest risk for infection due to neutropenia.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who is postoperative following surgical removal of a Wilms’ tumor. Which of the following assessments is an indication to continue NPO status?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Absent bowel sounds. Following surgical removal of a Wilms' tumor, absent bowel sounds indicate potential postoperative ileus, which can lead to complications if oral intake is resumed prematurely. Absence of bowel sounds may suggest a lack of peristalsis and require continued NPO status to prevent complications. A: Abdominal girth 1 cm larger than yesterday may indicate fluid retention or bloating, but it does not specifically warrant continued NPO status. B: Report of pain at the operative site is expected postoperatively and does not necessarily require NPO status. D: Passing of flatus every 30 min indicates bowel function and is a positive sign for resuming oral intake.
Question 3 of 5
A child with a brain tumor is admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) after brain surgery to remove the tumor. Which postoperative order would the nurse question?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sodium levels every 24 hours. The nurse would question this order because monitoring sodium levels every 24 hours is not usually necessary postoperatively for a child with a brain tumor. Brain surgery and tumor removal may not specifically impact sodium levels, making this monitoring less relevant. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed after brain surgery to prevent infection (A), anticonvulsants may be needed to prevent seizures (C), and monitoring intake and output is essential for assessing hydration status and kidney function (D). Monitoring sodium levels every 24 hours is not a standard postoperative practice for this situation.
Question 4 of 5
A child is being treated for strep throat. The nurse tells the parent to report any abrupt onset of midabdominal pain along with malaise, irritability and fever. The nurse is teaching the parent signs of:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. This condition is a possible complication of strep throat caused by an immune response to the streptococcal infection affecting the glomeruli of the kidneys. The signs mentioned by the nurse (abrupt onset of midabdominal pain, malaise, irritability, and fever) are indicative of this condition. Sodium retention (choice A) is not associated with these specific signs. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (choice C) typically presents with bloody diarrhea and kidney injury, not midabdominal pain. Renal insufficiency (choice D) may present with various symptoms but does not typically include midabdominal pain as a prominent sign.
Question 5 of 5
A child has been diagnosed with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nurse would question the medical order for:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Intravenous pyelogram with contrast to visualize kidneys. In stage 3 CKD, the kidneys are moderately damaged, making them vulnerable to further harm from contrast dye. The use of contrast dye can worsen kidney function and potentially lead to acute kidney injury. The other options (ACE inhibitor, erythropoietin therapy, iron replacement therapy, long-acting insulin) are appropriate treatments for complications of CKD and aim to manage blood pressure, anemia, and blood sugar levels, respectively. However, the use of contrast dye in this scenario poses a risk to the already compromised kidneys and should be avoided.