ATI LPN
Hematologic System Assessment Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A child is diagnosed with sickle cell disease. The parents are unsure of how their child contracted the disease. What is the most appropriate explanation by the nurse?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale: 1. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. 2. Both parents must be carriers (have the trait) to pass on the disease. 3. If both parents have the trait, each child has a 25% chance of inheriting the disease. 4. Therefore, choice D is correct as it explains the genetic basis of sickle cell disease transmission. Summary of Incorrect Choices: A. Incorrect - Both parents need to be carriers for the child to inherit the disease. B. Incorrect - Both parents need to be carriers for the child to inherit the disease. C. Incorrect - If the mother has the disease, the child would have a 50% chance of inheriting it, not 25%.
Question 2 of 5
You are the nurse in charge on a pediatric unit. A child with sickle cell disease, in splenic sequestration crisis, is being admitted. You should assign this child to a
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D - Private room Rationale: 1. In splenic sequestration crisis, there is a risk of sudden severe anemia and hypovolemic shock. 2. Isolation is not necessary as it's not a contagious condition. 3. A private room allows close monitoring, privacy, and individualized care. 4. A semiprivate room (A) may lead to exposure to infections. 5. Reverse-isolation (B) is for immunocompromised patients. 6. Contact-isolation (C) is for contagious diseases, not applicable here.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse has identified Ineffective Tissue Perfusion as a nursing diagnosis for a client with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). What intervention would be appropriate for the client?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Monitoring oxygen saturation. In DIC, there is impaired blood flow leading to inadequate perfusion of tissues. Monitoring oxygen saturation is crucial to assess tissue perfusion and ensure adequate oxygen delivery. This intervention directly addresses the underlying problem of ineffective tissue perfusion by evaluating the effectiveness of oxygenation. Repositioning the client every 2 hours (choice A) may help prevent pressure ulcers but does not directly address tissue perfusion. Administering oxygen (choice B) and encouraging deep breathing and coughing (choice D) may be beneficial but do not specifically target monitoring the client's oxygen saturation to evaluate tissue perfusion.
Question 4 of 5
A child diagnosed with cancer is prescribed chemotherapy. The latest lab value indicates the white-blood-cell count is very low. Which medication order does the nurse anticipate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Filgrastim (Neupogen). The child's low white-blood-cell count due to chemotherapy increases the risk of infection. Filgrastim is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor that stimulates the production of white blood cells, reducing the risk of infection. Ondansetron (B) is an antiemetic for nausea/vomiting, not related to low WBC count. Oprelvekin (C) is an interleukin-11 used for thrombocytopenia, not for low WBC count. Epoetin alfa (D) is used for anemia, not low WBC count.
Question 5 of 5
What is the most common form of childhood cancer?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Leukemia. Leukemia is the most common form of childhood cancer, accounting for around 30% of all childhood cancers. It affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to abnormal production of white blood cells. Lymphoma (A) and brain tumors (B) are also common childhood cancers but not as prevalent as leukemia. Osteosarcoma (D) is a type of bone cancer that is rare in children compared to leukemia. Thus, based on the prevalence and incidence rates, leukemia is the most common form of childhood cancer.