A child is diagnosed with rhabdomyosarcoma. Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for this child?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monitor for hematuria. Rhabdomyosarcoma is a type of cancer that originates from muscle tissue and can potentially lead to bleeding in the urine (hematuria). Monitoring for hematuria is crucial to assess the child's condition and detect any signs of complications. A: Positioning the child with the head elevated is not directly related to managing rhabdomyosarcoma. C: Demonstrating the use of a conformer is not relevant to the immediate nursing care for rhabdomyosarcoma. D: Administering oxygen may be necessary in some cases, but monitoring for hematuria is more specific and directly related to the potential complications of rhabdomyosarcoma.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anemia. End-stage renal failure leads to decreased production of erythropoietin, resulting in anemia. This causes a decrease in red blood cell production, leading to fatigue, weakness, and pale skin in the child. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: B: Diarrhea is not typically associated with end-stage renal failure. C: Hypotension may occur in some cases of renal failure, but it is not a common problem in end-stage renal failure. D: Renal calculi are more common in conditions like kidney stones, which may lead to renal failure, but they are not directly expected in a child in end-stage renal failure.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Emesis after two feedings indicates that the infant is not tolerating the feedings well, which could be a sign of complications post-pyloromyotomy such as gastric outlet obstruction or poor stomach emptying. This warrants immediate attention to prevent further issues. A: Need for frequent burping is a common need for infants and does not necessarily indicate intolerance to feedings. B: Irritability during feeding could be due to various reasons such as hunger, discomfort, or gas, but it does not specifically indicate feeding intolerance. C: The passing of gas is a normal physiological process and does not directly indicate feeding intolerance. In summary, emesis after feedings is concerning as it suggests possible complications, while the other options are more commonly seen in infants and do not directly indicate feeding intolerance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Delay supplemental foods until the infant is 4 to 6 months old. This instruction aligns with the current recommendations from major health organizations like the American Academy of Pediatrics. Introducing solid foods too early can increase the risk of allergies, obesity, and other health issues. Delaying until 4 to 6 months allows the infant's digestive system to mature, reducing the likelihood of food allergies and digestive problems. Choice B is incorrect because weight alone is not a reliable indicator of an infant's readiness for solid foods. Choice C is incorrect as introducing diluted fruit juice at 2 months can be harmful due to the sugar content and lack of essential nutrients. Choice D is incorrect as adding rice cereal to address sleep issues is not recommended and may increase the risk of choking or overfeeding.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A push-and-pull toy. At 18-24 months, children are developing gross motor skills. Push-and-pull toys help strengthen muscles and improve coordination. They also encourage balance and enhance spatial awareness. Nesting blocks are more suitable for fine motor skills, while a bicycle with training wheels requires more advanced motor skills. A computer is not developmentally appropriate as young children need hands-on, physical play for optimal growth and learning.