ATI LPN
Pediatric Dosing Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A child is being treated for hypernatremic dehydration. Suddenly, she develops seizures. Most likely cause of seizure is:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rapid correction of hypernatremia shifts water into brain cells , causing edema and seizures (UpToDate). B-E don’t match pathophysiology.
Question 2 of 5
An infant appears with periorbital fullness, full cheeks, long philtrum, anteverted nares, broad nasal bridge, and an open mouth. Physical examination reveals an absence of heart murmur. Laboratory findings reveal normal CBC, normal electrolytes, and high serum ionized calcium. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Williams syndrome matches the facial features and transient hypercalcemia, with no murmur if cardiac defects are absent (NIH). A-D don’t fit.
Question 3 of 5
A 6-month-old girl appears with a history of wheezing following an upper respiratory infection (URI). She improves significantly after nebulized albuterol therapy. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bronchiolitis is common at 6 months post-URI, with wheezing responsive to albuterol (AAP). Asthma is less likely under 1 year, and A, B, E don’t fit the response pattern.
Question 4 of 5
A child with a history of cystic fibrosis suddenly develops massive hemoptysis. The next step in management is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bronchial artery embolization is the urgent treatment for massive hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis, per CFF. A, C-E don’t address bleeding.
Question 5 of 5
Most common cause of death in patients with cystic fibrosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Respiratory failure is the leading cause of death in cystic fibrosis, from chronic lung damage, per CFF. A, C-E are less common.