ATI LPN
Hematologic System Assessment Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A child, in renal failure, has hyperkalemia. The nurse plans to instruct that the child should avoid the following foods:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because carrots and green, leafy vegetables are high in potassium, which can exacerbate hyperkalemia in a child with renal failure. Carrots and green, leafy vegetables should be avoided to help manage potassium levels. Summary of other choices: B: Chips, cold cuts, and canned foods are high in sodium and phosphorus, not potassium. C: Spaghetti and meat sauce, breadsticks are moderate in potassium and can be included in the diet in moderation. D: Hamburger on a bun, cherry gelatin are lower in potassium compared to carrots and green, leafy vegetables.
Question 2 of 5
During a 4-month-old’s well-child check, the nurse discusses introduction of solid foods into the infant’s diet and concerns for foods commonly associated with food allergies. Due to allergies, which foods will the nurse instruction the parents to avoid until after 1 year of age?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (Strawberries, eggs, and wheat) because these foods are common allergens that should be avoided until after 1 year of age to reduce the risk of food allergies. Strawberries are highly allergenic, eggs contain proteins that may trigger allergies, and wheat contains gluten which can cause sensitivities. Peas, tomatoes, and spinach (choice B) are generally safe to introduce to infants. Carrots, beets, and spinach (choice C) are also safe options. Squash, pork, and tomatoes (choice D) are not commonly associated with food allergies in infants.
Question 3 of 5
Which is the priority concern in developing a teaching plan for the parents of a 15-month-old child?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, instructions on a home safety assessment. This is the priority concern because at 15 months, children are curious and mobile, making them prone to accidents. Conducting a home safety assessment helps identify potential hazards and allows parents to make necessary changes to create a safe environment for the child. Toilet training (A) and weaning from bottles (B) are important developmental milestones but are not as critical as ensuring the child's safety. Preschool readiness (C) is also important but can be addressed later, whereas immediate attention to home safety is crucial to prevent accidents.
Question 4 of 5
A chest x-ray examination is ordered for a child with suspected cardiac problems. The child’s parent asks the nurse, 'What will the x-ray show about the heart?' The nurse’s response should be based on knowledge that the x-ray film will do which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Provide information on heart size and pulmonary blood flow patterns. A chest x-ray can reveal the size of the heart and indicate any abnormalities in the pulmonary blood flow patterns. This is important in assessing cardiac function. A: Show bones of chest but not the heart - This is incorrect as a chest x-ray can show the heart along with the bones of the chest. B: Evaluate the vascular anatomy outside of the heart - This is incorrect as a chest x-ray primarily focuses on the heart and lungs. C: Show a graphic measure of electrical activity of the heart - This is incorrect as an ECG (electrocardiogram) is used to measure the electrical activity of the heart, not a chest x-ray.
Question 5 of 5
Ventricular septal defect has the following blood flow pattern:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice B (Increased pulmonary blood flow) being correct: 1. Ventricular septal defect results in a communication between the left and right ventricles. 2. This causes increased blood flow from the left ventricle to the right ventricle. 3. The increased blood flow is then directed to the pulmonary circulation, leading to increased pulmonary blood flow. 4. This results in volume overload of the pulmonary vasculature. 5. The other choices are incorrect because a ventricular septal defect does not cause mixed blood flow, decreased pulmonary blood flow, or obstruction to blood flow from ventricles.