ATI LPN
Questions About the Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A child has been diagnosed with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nurse would question the medical order for:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Intravenous pyelogram with contrast to visualize kidneys. In stage 3 CKD, the kidneys are moderately damaged, making them vulnerable to further harm from contrast dye. The use of contrast dye can worsen kidney function and potentially lead to acute kidney injury. The other options (ACE inhibitor, erythropoietin therapy, iron replacement therapy, long-acting insulin) are appropriate treatments for complications of CKD and aim to manage blood pressure, anemia, and blood sugar levels, respectively. However, the use of contrast dye in this scenario poses a risk to the already compromised kidneys and should be avoided.
Question 2 of 5
A school-age client, recently diagnosed with asthma, also has a peanut allergy. The nurse instructs the family to not only avoid peanuts but also to carefully check food label ingredients for peanut products and to make sure dishes and utensils are adequately washed prior to food preparation. The mother asks why this is specific for her child. Based on the client’s history, the nurse knows that this client is at an increased risk for which complication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Anaphylaxis. Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur rapidly in individuals with peanut allergies. The client's history of asthma and peanut allergy puts them at a higher risk for experiencing anaphylaxis when exposed to peanuts. Anaphylaxis can cause symptoms such as difficulty breathing, swelling, a drop in blood pressure, and can be fatal if not treated promptly with epinephrine. A: Urticaria is a skin rash that can occur in response to an allergic reaction, but it is not as severe or life-threatening as anaphylaxis. B: Diarrhea is not typically a common symptom of an allergic reaction to peanuts and does not pose the same level of risk as anaphylaxis. D: Headache is not a common symptom of an allergic reaction to peanuts and is not as severe as anaphylaxis.
Question 3 of 5
The mother of a 14-month-old child is concerned because the child’s appetite has decreased. The best response for the nurse to make to the mother is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: It is not unusual for toddlers to eat less. Toddlers often go through phases where their appetites fluctuate, and it is normal for them to eat less at times. This response reassures the mother that her child's decreased appetite is a common phenomenon among toddlers and typically not a cause for concern. Rationale: - A (It is important for your toddler to eat three meals a day and nothing in between): This answer is too rigid and may cause unnecessary stress for the mother. Toddlers may have varying eating patterns, and forcing them to adhere to a strict meal schedule can be counterproductive. - C (Be sure to increase your child’s milk consumption, which will improve nutrition): Increasing milk consumption may not necessarily improve nutrition and could lead to other issues such as iron deficiency. It is important to focus on a balanced diet rather than solely relying on milk. - D (Giving your child a multivitamin supplement daily will increase your toddler’s
Question 4 of 5
A child diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot becomes upset, crying and thrashing around when a blood specimen is obtained. The child’s color becomes blue and respiratory rate increases to 44 bpm. Which of the following actions would the nurse do first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place the child in knee-to-chest position. This position helps improve blood flow to the lungs by reducing the amount of blood shunted away from the lungs in tetralogy of Fallot. It can help alleviate cyanosis and respiratory distress. This action should be done first to address the immediate physiological need of the child. Choice A: Obtaining sedation may be necessary, but addressing the physiological distress should take precedence. Choice B: Assessing for an irregular heart rate and rhythm is important but not the immediate priority in this situation. Choice C: Explaining to the child may be helpful for preparation, but addressing the physiological distress is the priority.
Question 5 of 5
A 3-month-old infant has a hypercyanotic spell. The nurse’s first action should be which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place child in the knee-chest position. This is the first action to relieve hypercyanotic spells in infants with Tetralogy of Fallot. Placing the child in the knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance, reduces venous return to the heart, and improves pulmonary blood flow. This helps alleviate the cyanosis by decreasing the right-to-left shunting of blood. Assessing for neurologic defects (A) is not the priority in this situation. Preparing the family for imminent death (B) is premature and not appropriate as the first action. Beginning cardiopulmonary resuscitation (C) is not indicated unless the infant becomes unresponsive.