ATI LPN
Multiple Choice Questions on Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A child experienced a lacerated spleen in a motor vehicle accident. Which is the highest-priority nursing intervention on admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) following surgery?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Observing for signs of hypovolemic shock. This is the highest-priority nursing intervention because a lacerated spleen can lead to severe internal bleeding and hypovolemic shock, which is a life-threatening condition. Monitoring for signs such as tachycardia, hypotension, pallor, and altered mental status is crucial for early detection and prompt intervention. Maintaining IV fluids (B) is important, but monitoring for shock takes precedence. Implementing strict bedrest (C) may be necessary, but it is not the highest priority. Administering blood products (D) may be needed, but assessing for shock comes first to guide the need for blood products.
Question 2 of 5
Which statement, made by a 4-year-old child’s father, is true about the care of the preschooler’s teeth?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step 1: Proper dental care for children involves both parents and children. In this scenario, the father acknowledges his role in helping the child develop good oral hygiene habits. Step 2: The father's statement shows understanding that children at this age may not be able to brush their teeth effectively on their own, hence the need for parental assistance. Step 3: By stating that he will encourage his son to brush his teeth after thorough cleaning, the father is promoting proper dental care habits in the child. Step 4: This approach instills the importance of oral hygiene in the child from an early age, setting a foundation for lifelong dental health. Summary: A: Incorrect. Baby teeth are essential for proper speech development, nutrition, and guiding permanent teeth. C: Incorrect. Permanent teeth typically begin to come in around 6 years of age, not 4 to 5. D: Incorrect. Fluoride supplements are important for dental health and should be continued as recommended by the dentist.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is caring for a child with persistent hypoxia secondary to a cardiac defect. The nurse recognizes the risk of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes) occurring. Which of the following is an important objective to decrease this risk?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Prevent dehydration. Dehydration can exacerbate hypoxia and increase the risk of cerebrovascular accidents in children with cardiac defects. Here's a step-by-step rationale: 1. Dehydration leads to decreased blood volume and thickening of blood, which can impair oxygen delivery to the brain. 2. Maintaining adequate hydration helps in optimizing blood flow and oxygen delivery to the brain, reducing the risk of strokes. 3. Minimizing seizures (choice A) is important, but not directly related to decreasing the risk of strokes. 4. Promoting cardiac output (choice C) is crucial for overall perfusion but does not specifically target the risk of strokes. 5. Reducing energy expenditure (choice D) may be important for conserving energy, but it does not directly address the risk of strokes associated with dehydration.
Question 4 of 5
The primary nursing intervention to prevent bacterial endocarditis is which of the following?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because counseling parents of high-risk children about the importance of prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures is the primary nursing intervention to prevent bacterial endocarditis. This is crucial as dental procedures can introduce bacteria into the bloodstream, leading to endocarditis in susceptible individuals. Choice B is incorrect because preventing dental procedures altogether is not necessary, rather ensuring prophylactic antibiotics are administered before procedures is key. Choice C, encouraging restricted mobility, is not a recommended intervention for preventing endocarditis. Choice D focuses on observing for complications rather than preventing the condition in the first place, making it an incorrect choice.
Question 5 of 5
One reason that pathogenic microorganisms have an advantage in the host they infect is because they:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because pathogenic microorganisms reproduce and evolve more rapidly than the host can eliminate them. This rapid reproduction and evolution allow the pathogens to adapt quickly to host defenses, leading to successful infection. Choice A and B are incorrect because previous exposure through natural exposure or vaccination does not necessarily give pathogens an advantage. Choice C is incorrect because pathogens typically weaken the host's immune response rather than strengthen it.