ATI LPN
Questions About the Immune System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A child diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot becomes upset, crying and thrashing around when a blood specimen is obtained. The child’s color becomes blue and respiratory rate increases to 44 bpm. Which of the following actions would the nurse do first?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place the child in knee-to-chest position. This position helps improve blood flow to the lungs by reducing the amount of blood shunted away from the lungs in tetralogy of Fallot. It can help alleviate cyanosis and respiratory distress. This action should be done first to address the immediate physiological need of the child. Choice A: Obtaining sedation may be necessary, but addressing the physiological distress should take precedence. Choice B: Assessing for an irregular heart rate and rhythm is important but not the immediate priority in this situation. Choice C: Explaining to the child may be helpful for preparation, but addressing the physiological distress is the priority.
Question 2 of 5
When caring for the child with Kawasaki disease, the nurse should know which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because therapeutic management of Kawasaki disease includes administration of gamma globulin to reduce the risk of coronary artery abnormalities and salicylates for anti-inflammatory effects. A is incorrect because aspirin is actually indicated for Kawasaki disease. B is incorrect as the principal area of involvement is the coronary arteries, not the joints. C is incorrect because Kawasaki disease is not responsive to antibiotics as it is an autoimmune disease.
Question 3 of 5
Examples of pathogens that cause human disease include:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all bacteria, viruses, and fungi are examples of pathogens that can cause human disease. Bacteria (choice A) such as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus can lead to infections like pneumonia and meningitis. Viruses (choice B) like Influenza and HIV cause illnesses such as the flu and AIDS. Fungi (choice C) such as Candida can result in fungal infections like yeast infections. Therefore, the correct answer includes all possible types of pathogens that can harm human health.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following describes the flow of lymph through a lymph node draining an infected tissue?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the flow of lymph through a lymph node draining an infected tissue follows this pathway: afferent lymphatic vessel (brings lymph into the node) → lymph node (where lymph is filtered) → efferent lymphatic vessel (carries filtered lymph out of the node). This sequence ensures that lymph containing pathogens or antigens from the infected tissue enters the lymph node for immune response activation and filtering before being circulated back into the bloodstream. Choice A is incorrect because it reverses the order of the lymphatic vessels, leading to the lymph node first and then out of the node. Choice B is incorrect because it introduces a venule before the lymph node, which is not part of the typical lymphatic pathway. Choice D is incorrect because it introduces an artery before the lymph node, which is not part of the lymphatic circulation pathway.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing care to a client who comes to the Emergency Department with a very large cut on their leg which is bleeding. The nurse explains that the healthcare team will assist with stopping the bleeding and to assist the body with wound healing. Which of the following responses would be correct for the nurse to share with the client? (Select one that does not apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because vasodilation widens blood vessels, increasing blood flow and potentially worsening bleeding. Vasoconstriction, as mentioned in option B, would help decrease bleeding by narrowing blood vessels. Option C is correct as the body forms a clot through the process of coagulation. Option D is incorrect as clot formation is not related to immunity. Therefore, the nurse should explain that the body may vasoconstrict to decrease bleeding, not vasodilate as in option A.