ATI LPN
Hematologic System Assessment Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A child diagnosed with cancer is prescribed chemotherapy. The latest lab value indicates the white-blood-cell count is very low. Which medication order does the nurse anticipate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Filgrastim (Neupogen). The child's low white-blood-cell count due to chemotherapy increases the risk of infection. Filgrastim is a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor that stimulates the production of white blood cells, reducing the risk of infection. Ondansetron (B) is an antiemetic for nausea/vomiting, not related to low WBC count. Oprelvekin (C) is an interleukin-11 used for thrombocytopenia, not for low WBC count. Epoetin alfa (D) is used for anemia, not low WBC count.
Question 2 of 5
A child with acute glomerulonephritis is in the playroom and experiences blurred vision and headache. Which of the following actions should be taken by the nurse?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Obtain a blood pressure on the child; notify the physician. Rationale: 1. Blurred vision and headache in a child with acute glomerulonephritis may indicate hypertension, a serious complication. 2. Obtaining a blood pressure reading is crucial to assess for hypertension, a common manifestation in glomerulonephritis. 3. Notify the physician immediately for further evaluation and management of the elevated blood pressure to prevent complications like hypertensive encephalopathy or seizures. Summary of other choices: A: Checking urine for increased hematuria is important but not the priority when the child is exhibiting symptoms of hypertension. C: Reassuring the child and encouraging bed rest does not address the potential serious complication of hypertension. D: Although obtaining serum electrolytes and sending a urinalysis are important in managing glomerulonephritis, addressing the acute symptoms of blurred vision and headache takes precedence.
Question 3 of 5
A child, in renal failure, has hyperkalemia. The nurse plans to instruct that the child should avoid the following foods:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because carrots and green, leafy vegetables are high in potassium, which can exacerbate hyperkalemia in a child with renal failure. Carrots and green, leafy vegetables should be avoided to help manage potassium levels. Summary of other choices: B: Chips, cold cuts, and canned foods are high in sodium and phosphorus, not potassium. C: Spaghetti and meat sauce, breadsticks are moderate in potassium and can be included in the diet in moderation. D: Hamburger on a bun, cherry gelatin are lower in potassium compared to carrots and green, leafy vegetables.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is providing instruction to the parents of an infant with a colostomy. Which statement by the parents’ indicates appropriate understanding of the teaching session?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: "We will watch for skin irritation around the stoma." This statement indicates appropriate understanding because monitoring for skin irritation is essential in colostomy care to prevent complications. Skin irritation can occur due to leakage, improper fitting of the colostomy bag, or irritation from stool or urine. By closely observing the skin around the stoma, parents can detect early signs of irritation and take necessary actions to prevent skin breakdown. Incorrect Choices: A: Changing the colostomy bag with each wet diaper is unnecessary and may lead to increased skin irritation. B: Using adhesive enhancers without proper guidance can cause skin damage and is not a routine practice in colostomy care. D: Expecting a moderate amount of bleeding after cleansing the stoma area is incorrect as bleeding should be minimal. Monitoring for bleeding is important but expecting a moderate amount is not appropriate.
Question 5 of 5
During a 4-month-old’s well-child check, the nurse discusses introduction of solid foods into the infant’s diet and concerns for foods commonly associated with food allergies. Due to allergies, which foods will the nurse instruction the parents to avoid until after 1 year of age?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (Strawberries, eggs, and wheat) because these foods are common allergens that should be avoided until after 1 year of age to reduce the risk of food allergies. Strawberries are highly allergenic, eggs contain proteins that may trigger allergies, and wheat contains gluten which can cause sensitivities. Peas, tomatoes, and spinach (choice B) are generally safe to introduce to infants. Carrots, beets, and spinach (choice C) are also safe options. Squash, pork, and tomatoes (choice D) are not commonly associated with food allergies in infants.