ATI LPN
Hematologic System Assessment Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A chest x-ray examination is ordered for a child with suspected cardiac problems. The child’s parent asks the nurse, 'What will the x-ray show about the heart?' The nurse’s response should be based on knowledge that the x-ray film will do which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Provide information on heart size and pulmonary blood flow patterns. A chest x-ray can reveal the size of the heart and indicate any abnormalities in the pulmonary blood flow patterns. This is important in assessing cardiac function. A: Show bones of chest but not the heart - This is incorrect as a chest x-ray can show the heart along with the bones of the chest. B: Evaluate the vascular anatomy outside of the heart - This is incorrect as a chest x-ray primarily focuses on the heart and lungs. C: Show a graphic measure of electrical activity of the heart - This is incorrect as an ECG (electrocardiogram) is used to measure the electrical activity of the heart, not a chest x-ray.
Question 2 of 5
A mother states that she brought her child to the clinic because the 3-year-old girl was not keeping up with her siblings. During physical assessment, the nurse notes that the child has pale skin and conjunctiva and has muscle weakness. The hemoglobin on admission is 6.4 g/dl. After notifying the practitioner of the results, the nurse’s priority intervention is to:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Minimize energy expenditure to decrease cardiac workload. The child's low hemoglobin level of 6.4 g/dl indicates severe anemia, leading to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. With pale skin, conjunctiva, and muscle weakness, the child likely has symptoms of anemia, causing fatigue and decreased exercise tolerance. By minimizing energy expenditure, the nurse can prevent further strain on the child's already compromised cardiovascular system, reducing the risk of cardiac complications. This intervention prioritizes the child's safety and well-being by addressing the immediate physiological concern of decreased oxygen supply to tissues. Summary of why the other choices are incorrect: A: Reducing environmental stimulation is not the priority as the child's main issue is related to severe anemia, not seizures. B: Repeating the analysis with a new specimen may be necessary to confirm the hemoglobin level but is not the immediate priority when dealing with a critically low hemoglobin level. D: Administering intr
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is not a characteristic of inflammation?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: inactivation of macrophages. Inflammation involves activation of macrophages to help phagocytize pathogens. Inactivation of macrophages would hinder the immune response. Increased vascular permeability, vasodilation, and pain are all typical characteristics of inflammation. Macrophages play a crucial role in the inflammatory response by engulfing and destroying pathogens, therefore, inactivation of macrophages is not a characteristic of inflammation.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following best describes the movement of a T cell through a lymph node?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because T cells enter the lymph node via the bloodstream through high endothelial venules and exit via efferent lymphatics. This process allows them to circulate between lymph nodes and peripheral tissues to survey for pathogens. Option A is incorrect because efferent lymphatics carry lymph away from the lymph node. Option B is incorrect as T cells enter via the bloodstream, not afferent lymphatics. Option C is incorrect as T cells exit via efferent lymphatics, not afferent lymphatics.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is aware that blood type O is considered the universal donor. This means all patients can receive blood type O. Knowing this, which of the following statements is correct. (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a client with blood type B can receive blood type B and O. This is based on the compatibility rules for blood transfusions where individuals with blood type B can safely receive blood from donors with blood type B (as there are no antibodies against type B blood present in their system) and from universal donors with blood type O (since type O blood does not contain A or B antigens). Choice B is incorrect because individuals with blood type B should not receive blood type A due to the presence of A antigens. Choice C is incorrect because individuals with blood type B should not receive blood type AB as it contains both A and B antigens. Choice D is incorrect for the same reason as choice C.