ATI LPN
Assessment of Hematologic System NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A cardiac defect that allows blood to shunt from the (high pressure) left side of the heart to the (lower pressure) right side can result in:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Congestive heart failure. A cardiac defect causing left-to-right shunting leads to increased blood volume in the right side of the heart, causing volume overload and eventually congestive heart failure. Cyanosis (choice A) occurs with right-to-left shunting, not left-to-right shunting. Decreased pulmonary blood flow (choice C) would be more likely with a defect causing right-to-left shunting. Bounding pulses in upper extremities (choice D) are not directly related to left-to-right shunting but can be seen in conditions like aortic regurgitation.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is not associated with mucosal surfaces?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: white pulp. White pulp is a component of the spleen and is not directly associated with mucosal surfaces. Mucosal surfaces are lined with mucus-secreting goblet cells (A) that provide a protective barrier. Lysozyme (B) is an enzyme found in tears, saliva, and mucus that helps defend against bacterial infections on mucosal surfaces. M cells (C) are specialized cells in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue that transport antigens from the gut lumen to immune cells. In summary, white pulp is not part of mucosal surfaces, making it the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
Immune cells within the lymphatic circulation are directly deposited into which of the following anatomical sites so that the cells may reenter the bloodstream?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Immune cells exit lymphatic circulation via thoracic duct. 2. Thoracic duct empties into left subclavian vein. 3. Immune cells reenter bloodstream through left subclavian vein. 4. Therefore, B (left subclavian vein) is correct. Summary: A: The right aorta does not connect to lymphatic circulation. C: The left carotid artery carries blood to the brain, not lymph. D: High endothelial venule is within lymph nodes, not the bloodstream.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is aware that blood type O is considered the universal donor. This means all patients can receive blood type O. Knowing this, which of the following blood can be administered to which patient. (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Blood type O is considered the universal donor because it lacks A and B antigens on its red blood cells. Step 2: A patient with blood type A can receive blood type A (as it matches) and blood type O (since O lacks A and B antigens). Step 3: Therefore, the correct answer is A, as patients with blood type A can receive blood type A and O. Summary: Choice A is correct because patients with blood type A can receive blood type A and O due to the compatibility of antigens. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not consider the antigen compatibility and restrictions of blood types.
Question 5 of 5
Which organ is adversely affected in hemolytic anemia? Select one that does not apply.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In hemolytic anemia, the red blood cells are destroyed prematurely, leading to an increased workload for the spleen as it tries to remove these damaged cells. The correct answer is C, the Small intestine. This is because the small intestine is not directly involved in the clearance or processing of red blood cells, unlike the spleen, liver, and bladder. The spleen and liver play key roles in recycling components of red blood cells, while the bladder is not involved in the process at all. Therefore, the small intestine is the organ that is least likely to be adversely affected in hemolytic anemia.