ATI LPN
Respiratory System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 9-year-old child is admitted to the pediatric unit for treatment of cystic fibrosis. The nurse is assessing the child's respiratory status. Which of the following findings is consistent with cystic fibrosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thick, sticky mucus (A) is a hallmark of cystic fibrosis (CF), a genetic disorder where defective CFTR protein causes viscous secretions, obstructing airways and fostering infections like bronchitis. This chronic cough is often productive, not nonproductive (B), though early stages may vary. Stridor (C), a high-pitched upper airway sound, suggests laryngeal issues, not CF's lower airway involvement. Unilateral breath sound loss (D) implies focal issues (e.g., pneumothorax), not CF's diffuse pattern. Thick mucus drives CF's respiratory burden recurrent infections, wheezing key in nursing assessment to guide suctioning or chest physiotherapy, distinguishing CF from asthma or acute conditions.
Question 2 of 5
A 35-year-old woman has experienced multiple bouts of severe necrotizing pneumonia since childhood, with Haemophilus influenza, Staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens cultured from her sputum. She now has a cough productive of large amounts of purulent sputum. On physical examination, there is a dullness to percussion with decreased breath sounds over the right mid to lower lung fields. A chest radiograph shows areas of right lower lobe consolidation. A bronchogram shows marked dilation of right lower lobe bronchi. Which of the following mechanisms is the most likely cause of her disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Recurrent inflammation with bronchial wall destruction (D) causes bronchiectasis here (Page 29, Ans: D). Repeated infections scar and dilate bronchi (100 mL sputum/day), per bronchogram. Congenital defects (A) are rare. Eosinophils (B) fit asthma. Carcinoma (C) masses, not dilates. D's chronic damage unlike A's static cause explains progression, per document.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following bronchial asthma characteristics is NOT true?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 4 of 5
Asthma is mediated by what type of antigen?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 5 of 5
What is the anatomically correct name for the windpipe?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The trachea (D) is the windpipe . This 10-12 cm cartilaginous tube connects larynx to bronchi, conducting air. The pharynx (A) is a throat passage. Bronchioles (B) are smaller airways. The larynx (C) houses vocal cords. D's structural role 16-20 C-shaped rings warms and humidifies air (Page 5, Q11A), unlike A's dual role or B's distal position, per anatomy texts.