A 78 year-old client reports constipation for three days. What should the nurse take next?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The first step in addressing reported constipation is to assess the client’s condition. An abdominal assessment (e.g., checking for distension, bowel sounds, or tenderness) provides critical data to determine the cause and severity of constipation, guiding subsequent interventions. Evaluating fluid intake (B) is important but follows assessment to identify contributing factors. Requesting Colace (C, a stool softener) or walking (D, to stimulate peristalsis) are interventions that require baseline data from an assessment to justify and prioritize.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Blood flow begins on the right side with the tricuspid valve (3) from the right atrium to the right ventricle, then through the pulmonary valve (4) to the lungs. After oxygenation, it returns to the left atrium, passes through the mitral valve (1) to the left ventricle, and exits via the aortic valve (2). The sequence is 3, 4, 1,

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Diffusion is the process where oxygen moves from alveoli to blood and carbon dioxide moves from blood to alveoli, occurring at the alveolar-capillary membrane.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cyanosis (bluish skin) indicates poor oxygenation due to low oxygen saturation, unlike clear lung sounds, normal pulse oximetry, or stable blood pressure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Crackles indicate fluid in alveoli, typical of pulmonary edema, not pneumothorax (collapsed lung), emphysema (air trapping), or asthma (wheezing).