ATI LPN
Introduction of Respiratory System NCLEX Questions PN Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 70-year-old woman has had episodes of dyspnea with wheezing and coughing, accompanied by urticaria for the past 3 years. She has had bouts of rhinitis. She has a 10-year history of osteoarthritis. On physical examination she has nasal polyps. Use of which of the following medications is the most likely risk factor for her respiratory disease?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin (B) triggers intrinsic asthma here (Page 30, Ans: B). Blocking cyclooxygenase shunts arachidonic acid to leukotrienes (Page 5), causing bronchospasm and rhinitis. Acetaminophen (A) is safe. Gabapentin (C) and morphine (D) are unrelated. B's effect 10% incidence contrasts A's neutrality, per document.
Question 2 of 5
Which of these symptoms is common is all COPDs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Dyspnea (A) is common in all COPD . Airflow obstruction raises work of breathing (RR >20). Dry cough (B) fits emphysema. Recoil loss (C) is emphysema-specific. Coexistence (D) varies. A's universality unlike C's specificity holds, per document.
Question 3 of 5
Most of the oxygen being transported by blood:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oxygen is reversibly bound to haemoglobin (C) . Haemoglobin in RBCs (5 billion/mL) carries 98% of O2 (20 mL/dL), binding 4 molecules/O2 via iron. Plasma (A) holds 2%. Glucose (B) isn't an O2 carrier. Heartbeat energy (D) uses ATP, not O2 directly. C's capacity unlike A's minor role ensures tissue delivery, per physiology.
Question 4 of 5
In the presence of active surfactants, all of the following are expected to decrease EXCEPT?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Surfactant lowers alveolar surface tension (C) from 30 dynes/cm to 5, reducing collapse tendency (A) and work of breathing. Lung compliance (B) increases (normal 0.2 L/cm H2O to 0.5), not decreases, as expansion eases. In 300 million alveoli, surfactant's dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine stabilizes, countering Laplace's law (P = 2T/r). B's rise unlike A's or D's fall enhances ventilation efficiency, per physiology (Q29).
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is the most factor that can increase the volume of air entering the lung?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pressure gradient (A) drives air into lungs . Inspiration drops intrapulmonary pressure (e.g., -1 mmHg below atmospheric, 760 mmHg), via diaphragm contraction (Q22). A 2 mmHg gradient moves ~500 mL (Vt). Action potentials (B) initiate muscle firing, but gradient magnitude not nerve signal strength dictates volume (Boyle's law: P1V1 = P2V2). C overcomplicates A alone suffices. D reduces flow. A's primacy unlike B's indirect role governs ventilation, per respiratory mechanics.