ATI LPN
Cardiovascular Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 7-year-old child has had abdominal pain and dark urine for 10 days. Physical examination shows purpuric skin lesions on the trunk and extremities. Urinalysis shows hematuria and proteinuria. Serologic test results are negative for P-ANCAs and C-ANCAs. A skin biopsy specimen shows necrotizing vasculitis of small dermal vessels. A renal biopsy specimen shows immune complex deposition in glomeruli, with some IgA-rich immune complexes. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Henoch-Schönlein purpura features IgA immune complexes, purpura, and glomerulonephritis.
Question 2 of 5
A 62-year-old female reports that she has recently stopped taking her blood pressure medication because of swelling in her feet that began shortly after she started the treatment. Which is the most likely to cause peripheral edema?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Felodipine, a calcium channel blocker, commonly causes peripheral edema.
Question 3 of 5
A 45-year-old male with a family history of hyperlipidemia and heart disease comes to the ER diaphoretic and chest pain radiating to his left arm. An ECG shows ST segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF. The doctor administers Alteplase intravenously. How does Alteplase work?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Alteplase activates plasminogen to plasmin, dissolving clots.
Question 4 of 5
The most important factor for stretching cardiac muscle is ___
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: End diastolic volume determines the degree of stretch on cardiac muscle fibers prior to contraction, influencing stroke volume via the Frank-Starling law.
Question 5 of 5
One day after moving into a new apartment, a 25-year-old man experiences acute onset of fever, cough, dyspnea, headache, and malaise. The symptoms subside over several days when he visits a friend in another city. On the day of his return he visits the physician. There are no remarkable findings on physical examination. A chest radiograph also is unremarkable. Which of the following is most likely to produce these findings?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (e.g., from mold exposure) causes transient symptoms like fever and cough, resolving upon removal from the antigen source, with histamine release driving inflammation.