ATI LPN
Cardiovascular Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 69 year-old woman with a 3 cm, lymph node negative, ER+ tumor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This patient has an estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumor, which is typically responsive to endocrine therapy (e.g., tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors). Given her age and the tumor characteristics (3 cm, lymph node negative), endocrine therapy is a standard approach rather than immediate mastectomy, chemotherapy, or monitoring alone.
Question 2 of 5
A 56-year-old woman is found to have normochromic-normocytic anemia, hypophosphatemia, hypouricemia, glycosuria, proteinuria(+1 by dipstick testing), and renal insufficiency(serum creatinine concentration of 2.6mg/dl). Urine protein creatinine ratio(UPC) was 3.1. urine albumin creatinine ratio(UAC) was .3. Urine albumin protein ratio(UAPR) 10% Which ONE of the following is the MOST LIKELY cause of this constellation of findings?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Findings such as hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, and bone lesions suggest multiple myeloma. The low UAC and UPC ratios point towards non-albumin proteinuria, typical of Bence-Jones proteinuria seen in multiple myeloma.
Question 3 of 5
20-y nonsmoking female presents with persistent complaints of dyspnea, wheeze, and cough productive of yellow sputum. She was treated with a course of tapering steroids, levofloxacin, bronchodilators, and inhaled corticosteroids which provided some relief. She has been treated repeatedly for similar symptoms over the course of two years. VS stable. Physical exam identifies diminished breath sounds with localized wheeze at the right lung base. Available chest x-rays show persistent right lower lobe infiltrate over the last 8 months. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A persistent infiltrate with localized wheeze in a young nonsmoker suggests an endobronchial obstruction, commonly a bronchial carcinoid tumor. These tumors can cause recurrent symptoms and partial response to therapy due to airway obstruction.
Question 4 of 5
A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate treatment. It is associated with left ventricular failure that severely impairs gas exchange, and produces dramatic signs and symptoms including anxiety, severe dyspnea, an upright posture to breathe effectively, and pink frothy sputum. Right-sided heart failure produces systemic venous congestion. Cardiomyopathy is not associated with bubbly crackles and pink frothy sputum. A medication reaction is not the reason for the patient to exhibit severe dyspnea, anxiety, bubbly crackles, and frothy sputum.
Question 5 of 5
Patients with heart failure can experience episodes of exacerbation. Which of the following patients are at MOST risk for heart failure exacerbation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Non-compliance with medication like Amiodarone (B) and atrial fibrillation increase heart failure exacerbation risk due to irregular heart workload. The others have lower immediate risk.