ATI LPN
Medical-Surgical Nursing Neurological System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 68-year-old man is brought to the Emergency Department immediately after a witnessed generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Prior to this seizure event, he had approximately 2 months of bifrontal headache that worsened when coughing or bending over. He also has worsening balance, resulting in 2 falls over the course of a few weeks. Medical history is significant for Myasthenia Gravis treated with oral prednisone for chronic immunotherapy. Social history is significant for smoking 1/2 a pack of cigarettes per day for 40 years and recent travel to South America. On physical examination, the patient is responsive but confused, has bilateral tongue laceration, with left pronator drift and slow foot-taps on the left side. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is shown. Which of the following is most likely the diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Seizure, headache worsening with Valsalva, and focal deficits with a smoking history suggest a brain metastasis, likely from lung cancer. Glioblastoma is primary, abscess involves fever, and lymphoma is less likely without immunosuppression.
Question 2 of 5
Once the threshold potential is reached,
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reaching the threshold triggers rapid Na⁺ channel opening, making an action potential unavoidable due to the all-or-none principle.
Question 3 of 5
The uniformity in the way nerve cells function within the animal kingdom
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Conserved neuron function across animals suggests it evolved early, enabling complex nervous systems to build upon this foundation.
Question 4 of 5
In all vertebrates, the brain consists of the
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vertebrate brains are divided embryonically into forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain, encompassing all regions like the cerebrum and cerebellum.
Question 5 of 5
Our emotions, learning, and memory depend upon the
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The limbic system, including the amygdala and hippocampus, governs emotions, learning, and memory.