A 67-year-old client is seen in the health clinic for influenza. The nurse knows that influenza markedly increases the client's risk of developing which condition?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Influenza in a 67-year-old raises the risk of sinusitis and otitis media, as viral irritation of the respiratory tract leads to sinus inflammation or eustachian tube blockage, fostering bacterial superinfections. Age-related immune decline heightens this in seniors. Arthritis and Cushing's syndrome aren't flu-linked joint or hormonal issues don't follow. Aortic valve prolapse is structural, not infectious. Gastritis and goiter affect digestion and thyroid, not respiratory sequelae. The nurse flags sinusitis and otitis media as common, treatable complications, per clinical patterns, urging vigilance for symptoms like sinus pain or earache to prevent escalation in this vulnerable client.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Intrinsic asthma is triggered by viral infections (C), a non-allergic mechanism. Choice A is false; extrinsic asthma is Type I hypersensitivity. Choice B is incorrect; extrinsic (atopic) is most common. Choice D is wrong; IgE levels are normal. Choice E (negative skin tests) is true but not listed. Page 726 notes C's viral trigger respiratory infections (e.g., RSV) provoke hyperresponsiveness without IgE, contrasting with A's allergic basis or B's prevalence.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pleural plaques are the most common asbestos exposure finding (B), seen in parietal pleura. Choice A is false; asbestos bodies (ferruginous) are frequent but less common than plaques. Choice C is incorrect; plaques form anterolaterally and over diaphragmatic domes, not apices. Choice D is wrong; plaques are fibrous, not containing asbestos bodies (parenchyma does). Choice E (uncommon effusions) is true. Page 736 highlights B's prevalence calcified plaques mark chronic exposure, unlike A's frequency or C's location error.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Bacterial pneumonia is the most common cause of death in influenza epidemics (C), via superinfection. Choice A is false; respiratory infections outnumber UTIs in both sexes. Choice B is true; pneumonia is parenchymal infection. Choice D is incorrect; gram-negative rods (e.g., Klebsiella) dominate nosocomial cases, not Strep pneumoniae. Choice E (respiratory portal) is true. Page 747 confirms C's epidemiology influenza weakens defenses, leading to fatal bacterial overlay, unlike A's prevalence or D's pathogen.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Antigenic shift involves recombination of RNA segments with animal viruses (B), replacing haemagglutinin/neuramidase. Choice A is false; shift is major, drift is mutation. Choice C is incorrect; type B drifts (not shifts). Choice D is wrong; type A affects birds (e.g., H5N1). Choice E (ssRNA) is true. Page 752 defines B's shift pandemic-causing reassortment contrasts with drift's gradual change, distinguishing it over A's reversal or D's bird error.