ATI LPN
Questions About Gastrointestinal System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 65-year-old woman with a past medical history of asthma and hypertension has symptoms of stable angina precipitated by walking up steep slopes. What would be the most suitable first-line treatment for her symptoms?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Bisoprolol, a beta-blocker, is a first-line treatment for stable angina as it reduces heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand, suitable for this patient despite asthma if monitored carefully.
Question 2 of 5
When should patients take proton pump inhibitors?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: PPIs are most effective taken 30-60 minutes before a meal to inhibit acid secretion before food stimulates it, making A the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is being discharged from hospital after an episode of unstable angina. Which ONE of the following medicines should be stopped prior to discharge from hospital?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fondaparinux, an anticoagulant used acutely, is typically stopped at discharge, while antiplatelets like aspirin and clopidogrel continue, making E the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
A 32-year-old woman presents with a 10-month history of an intermittent burning sensation in the epigastrium that is sometimes related to eating. She has heard about bacteria that can cause gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. She has had no change in her weight and denies dysphagia. Her laboratory tests are normal. Which of the following would you recommend?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient presents with dyspepsia. In individuals who are under the age of 45 years and present with no other warning signs (e.g., anemia, weight loss, or dysphagia), a serum qualitative test for H. pylori can be obtained to document H. pylori infection, provided that the patient has no prior history of being treated. A serum IgG can remain positive even after antibiotic eradication. In H. pylori-positive individuals who do not respond to therapy, an upper endoscopy would be the next test. An upper GI series cannot detect H. pylori and is less sensitive than endoscopy in detecting lesions of the esophagus, stomach, and proximal small bowel. Empiric therapy for H. pylori is never recommended.
Question 5 of 5
A 68-year-old man with a history of diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease (s/p coronary artery bypass graft two years ago) presents to the emergency room with fevers and left-sided abdominal pain. His physical examination reveals a temperature of $101.5^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$, pulse 96, and blood pressure of 135/80. His abdomen is soft with moderate left lower quadrant tenderness. There is no rebound or guarding. Bowel sounds are present. A CT scan is done which reveals inflammation around an area of the left colon. The next step in his workup/management should be
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient has evidence of diverticulitis. He has no evidence of perforation or abscess formation on the CT scan. Barium enema and colonoscopy should be avoided during acute infections since they will increase the risk of perforation. Surgery may be necessary if the patient fails to improve or if the attacks are recurrent but urgent surgery is not indicated. Antibiotic therapy geared toward gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes are the initial treatment of choice.