ATI LPN
Medical Surgical Endocrine Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 63-year-old woman had frequent headaches for 1 month. She now suddenly experiences a generalized seizure and becomes obtunded. She is taken to the emergency department, where a physical examination reveals an irregular heart rate. Laboratory findings include serum calcium of 15.4 mg/dL, serum phosphorus of 1.9 mg/dL, and albumin of 4.2 g/dL. A chest radiograph shows multiple lung masses and lytic lesions of the vertebral column. Which of the following conditions best accounts for these findings?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A common cause of clinically significant hypercalcemia in adults is a malignancy. When a patient presents with hypercalcemia, a disorder of the parathyroid glands or a malignancy at a visceral location must be considered. Hypercalcemia from malignancy can be caused by osteolytic metastases or a paraneoplastic syndrome from secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein by the tumor. Metastatic disease from common primary sites, such as the breast, lung, and kidney, is much more common than parathyroid carcinoma, which tends to be local but aggressive.
Question 2 of 5
A 26-year-old man developed sudden severe abdominal pain. On physical examination, he had marked abdominal tenderness and guarding. Laboratory studies showed serum glucose, 76 mg/dL; calcium, 12.2 mg/dL; phosphorus, 2.6 mg/dL; creatinine, 1.1 mg/dL; and parathyroid hormone, 62 pg/mL (normal range 9 to 60 pg/mL). During surgery, four enlarged parathyroid glands were found and excised, with reimplantation of one half of one gland. After the surgery, his serum calcium concentration returned to normal. Three years later, he had an episode of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. An endoscopy and biopsy specimen showed multiple benign gastric ulcerations. Abdominal MRI indicated multiple 1- to 2-cm mass lesions in the pancreas. He underwent surgery, and multiple tumors were found. Which of the following additional neoplasm lesions is he most likely to have?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 is also known as Wermer syndrome. (Remember the 'three P's' in neoplasia or hyperplasia "pancreas, pituitary, and parathyroids.) Adrenal pheochromocytomas are associated with MEN 2B. Endometrial carcinomas can arise in patients who have unopposed estrogen secretion, which can occur in estrogen-producing ovarian tumors.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following is found in rigor mortis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rigor mortis involves rigid contraction due to ATP depletion locking myosin to actin; Ca2+ leaks but doesn't 'build up', tropomyosin shifts.
Question 4 of 5
Which statement is false regarding blood flow and phase of the cardiac cycle?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When pulmonary artery pressure is lower than ventricle, blood flows out (systole).
Question 5 of 5
The common pathway of coagulation ends with the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fibrin forms the clot, ending the common pathway.