ATI LPN
Cardiovascular NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 62 year old obese female with type 2 diabetes mellitus for 12 years is on a sulfonylurea alone. Metformin ER was stopped two years ago due to diarrhea at even a low dose. A1c is 10% but she has been having frequent hypoglycemia, even after reducing the dose of the sulfonylurea. She has significant lower extremity edema and recurrent episodes of congestive heart failure. The best answer is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pioglitazone is contraindicated in patients with heart failure due to the risk of fluid retention.
Question 2 of 5
21 y/o presents to the ER with abdominal pain, fatigue, and loss of appetite. He admits to IV heroin use and drinks 2-3 beers/day. He has mild scleral icterus, tender hepatomegaly, & antecubital needle tracks. Labs: T. Bili 5.6 mg/dL, AST & ALT 950 & 1280, Alk Phos 115, Albumin 3.4 HBsAg-, HAV IgM-, HBsAb+, HCV Ab-, HBcIgM-. Which labs is most likely to make a diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Given the history of IV drug use and acute hepatitis symptoms with negative serologies, HCV RNA testing is key to diagnose acute hepatitis C infection.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following measures improve the utility of serum prostate-specific antigen(PSA) in screening for prostate cancer?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All listed methods enhance the specificity and sensitivity of PSA testing in detecting prostate cancer.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following organisms is an unlikely cause of endocarditis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: E. coli is an unlikely cause of endocarditis compared to the others listed, which are well-known causes.
Question 5 of 5
You are seeing a type 2 diabetic with stage 3 CKD, creatinine clearance of 34 ml/min/M2, potassium of 5.7 mg/dl, and bicarbonate of 19 mg/dl. This is consistent with which of the following?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Type 4 RTA is characterized by hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis, common in CKD due to impaired aldosterone function or response.