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Medical Surgical Nursing Neurological Disorders Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 62-year-old male presents with left-sided weakness. He was last seen normal approximately 5 hours ago. Past medical history is significant for coronary artery disease and hypertension. On exam, there is 4+/5 strength in the left upper extremity, and 3/5 strength in the left lower extremity. He is unable to walk. Non-contrast head CT is negative for blood and a large territory infarct, and CT angiography shows an occlusion in the proximal portion of the anterior cerebral artery. Which of the following is the best next step in management?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Left-sided weakness with ACA occlusion 5 hours post-onset exceeds the tPA window (4.5 hours) but is within the 24-hour window for thrombectomy if large vessel occlusion is confirmed, offering the best chance for recovery.
Question 2 of 5
A 28-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with diplopia on horizontal gaze, and dizziness. She reports that these symptoms began approximately 2 weeks ago, and has never happened before. Her double vision is only elicited when looking towards the left, but is absent with primary gaze. She states that approximately 4 months ago, she had right lower extremity weakness and numbness that lasted one week before being completely resolved. Medical history is significant for migraine headache with aura that is adequately treated with ibuprofen. On physical examination, there is impaired adduction of the right eye, with contralateral disassociated horizontal nystagmus of the abducting eye. There is normal convergence and diminished vertical gaze holding. A postural tremor is also noted on examination. Laboratory tests are significant for a normal B12 and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, and normal white cell count. MRI of the brain is shown. What additional information is needed to make a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Internuclear ophthalmoplegia and prior neurological episode suggest MS, but diagnosis requires dissemination in time and space. An additional attack with a new lesion on MRI confirms this.
Question 3 of 5
The Peripheral Nervous System is made up of the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes spinal nerves and cranial nerves (excluding cranial nerve II and the retina, which are CNS), but not the brain or spinal cord.
Question 4 of 5
Once an action potential is triggered, there is a
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During an action potential, Na⁺ influx causes depolarization, reversing the membrane potential to positive inside (~+30 mV), followed by K⁺ efflux to repolarize.
Question 5 of 5
Morphine, codeine, and heroin are all opiates that function by
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Opiates mimic endorphins, binding to opioid receptors to reduce pain and induce euphoria.