ATI LPN
Adult Medical Surgical ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 60-year-old man presents with fatigue, weight gain, and constipation. Laboratory tests reveal low TSH and high free T4 levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperthyroidism. In this case, the low TSH and high free T4 levels indicate an overactive thyroid gland, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and constipation. The low TSH is due to negative feedback as the high free T4 suppresses TSH production. Hyperthyroidism fits this clinical picture, as opposed to hypothyroidism (choice A) which would have high TSH and low free T4 levels. Thyroiditis (choice C) typically presents with symptoms of both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism and is usually transient. Thyroid cancer (choice D) is less likely given the presentation of symptoms and specific lab results.
Question 2 of 5
A client with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) is prescribed nitroglycerin (Nitrostat) for chest pain. Which instruction should the nurse provide?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place the tablet under your tongue. Nitroglycerin is a vasodilator used to relieve chest pain in patients with MI. Placing the tablet under the tongue allows for rapid absorption through the oral mucosa, providing quick relief. Taking it with food (A) may delay absorption. Swallowing the tablet whole (B) would result in slower absorption through the GI tract. Taking it at bedtime (C) is not necessary for immediate relief of chest pain.
Question 3 of 5
The client with newly diagnosed hypertension is being taught about lifestyle modifications. Which recommendation should be made?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week. Regular exercise helps lower blood pressure by strengthening the heart, improving blood flow, and reducing stress. It also helps with weight management, which is crucial for hypertension. Choice A is incorrect because saturated fats can increase the risk of heart disease and worsen hypertension. Choice B is incorrect because excessive alcohol intake can raise blood pressure. Choice D is incorrect because excessive salt intake can lead to high blood pressure. Overall, regular exercise is a key lifestyle modification for managing hypertension.
Question 4 of 5
A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is scheduled for hemodialysis. Which pre-dialysis assessment finding should the nurse report to the healthcare provider?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Blood pressure of 180/90 mm Hg. High blood pressure can worsen kidney function and increase the risk of cardiovascular complications during hemodialysis. The nurse should report this finding to the healthcare provider for prompt management. A: Serum potassium of 5.5 mEq/L is slightly elevated but not an immediate concern before hemodialysis. C: Heart rate of 80 beats per minute is within normal range and not a priority assessment for pre-dialysis. D: Serum sodium of 140 mEq/L is within normal limits and does not require immediate attention before hemodialysis.
Question 5 of 5
The client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is being taught about dietary modifications by the nurse. Which instruction should the nurse include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid lying down immediately after eating. This instruction helps prevent acid reflux by allowing gravity to aid in digestion. Lying down can cause stomach acid to flow back up the esophagus, exacerbating GERD symptoms. Increasing intake of spicy foods (A) can irritate the esophagus, consuming a high-fat diet (C) can delay stomach emptying and worsen symptoms, and drinking caffeinated beverages with meals (D) can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to more reflux.