ATI LPN
Medical Surgical Endocrine Practice Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 6-year-old girl has become increasingly lethargic over the past 2 weeks. On examination she has puffiness around the eyes. Her temperature is 36.9°C, and blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg. Laboratory findings show serum creatinine, 0.7 mg/dL; urea nitrogen, 12 mg/dL; and cholesterol, 217 mg/dL. Urinalysis shows pH, 6.5; specific gravity, 1.011; 4+ proteinuria; lipiduria; and no blood or glucose. The 24-hour urine protein level is 3.8 g. The child's condition improves after glucocorticoid therapy. Which of the following findings by electron microscopy is most likely to characterize this disease process?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A child with nephrotic syndrome and no other clinical findings is most likely to have minimal change disease, a name that reflects the paucity of pathologic findings. There is fusion of podocyte foot processes, which can be seen only by electron microscopy. This fusion leads to selective proteinuria of low molecular weight proteins (albumin). Variability of basement membrane thickening may be seen in Alport syndrome. The mesangial matrix is expanded in some forms of glomerulonephritis (e.g. IgA nephropathy) and other diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, but not in minimal change disease. Reduplication of glomerular basement membrane may be seen with membranoproliferative GN. Subepithelial electron-dense humps represent immune complexes and are seen in postinfectious GN.
Question 2 of 5
A clinical study is conducted in patients diagnosed with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Persons with either type develop complications of accelerated and advanced atherosclerosis. All untreated patients have an elevated hemoglobin A1c. Which of the following features common to patients with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus is most likely to be found by this study?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins is a function of the level of blood glucose, rather than the cause of hyperglycemia. This is the basis for an elevated hemoglobin A1c. Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are characterized by hyperglycemia, but the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are different.
Question 3 of 5
A 55-year-old man has experienced increasing lethargy for the past 7 months. Physical examination shows hyperpigmentation of the skin. Vital signs include temperature of 36.9°C, pulse of 70/min, respirations of 14/min, and blood pressure of 95/65 mm Hg. Laboratory studies include a serum cortisol level of 3 μg/mL at 8:00 am with a serum corticotropin level of 65 pg/mL. Which of the following diseases most often occurs in patients with this disorder?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Addison disease (primary chronic adrenocortical insufficiency) most often results from an idiopathic autoimmune condition (in areas of the world where the incidence of active tuberculosis is low). Autoimmune adrenalitis is associated with the appearance of other autoimmune diseases in about half of all cases. Such autoimmune phenomena are frequently seen in other endocrine organs, such as the thyroid gland.
Question 4 of 5
Match the correct hormone pair that have antagonistic effects?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcitonin lowers Ca2+, PTH raises it "antagonistic; others lack direct opposition.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following statements is false regarding heart disease and myocardial infarction (MI)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Left anterior descending (LAD), not circumflex, is most commonly blocked in MI.