ATI LPN
Questions on the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 6-year-old child is hospitalized following an acute asthmatic episode. Which statement by the parents indicates that further teaching is needed?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Quit the swim team' (B) shows misunderstanding, per document (2). Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is managed cromolyn (A) or albuterol pre-exercise (D) cut symptoms (80% efficacy). EIA (C) is common (10-15% kids). Swimming often helps asthma. B's restriction unlike A's prevention ignores control options, per GINA, needing correction.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse teaches a client with COPD to assess for s/sx of right-sided heart failure. Which of the following s/sx would be included in the teaching plan?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Peripheral edema is a key sign of right-sided heart failure, common in COPD due to pulmonary hypertension increasing right heart workload. Blood backs up into systemic veins, leaking fluid into tissues, causing swelling (edema), often in legs or ankles. Clubbing of nail beds (A) indicates chronic hypoxia, not heart failure specifically. Hypertension (B) ties to left-sided failure, elevating systemic pressure, not right-sided fluid buildup. Increased appetite (D) contradicts heart failure's typical anorexia from congestion. Teaching should also cover jugular venous distention or hepatomegaly, but edema is a clear, client-observable sign. This reflects cor pulmonale, a COPD complication, making patient awareness vital for early reporting and management, distinct from left-sided failure's pulmonary edema.
Question 3 of 5
What explanation should the nurse give to a client and family regarding the development of COPD in a young adult?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A hereditary alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (A) explains COPD in a young adult. AAT protects lungs from elastase, an enzyme breaking down alveolar walls; deficiency accelerates emphysema, even without smoking, onset possible in 20s-30s. Childhood smoking (B) or secondary smoke (C) contributes to typical COPD later (50s-60s), not young adulthood absent AAT issues. Smokeless tobacco (D) affects oral health, not lungs directly. AAT deficiency, a genetic rarity, shifts COPD's timeline, critical for family education on screening and avoiding irritants, distinguishing it from lifestyle-driven cases in older adults.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is a priority goal for the client with COPD?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maintaining functional ability (A) is a priority goal for COPD clients. This chronic, progressive disease limits airflow, reducing exercise tolerance preserving daily activity (e.g., walking, self-care) enhances quality of life and slows decline. Chest pain (B) isn't typical in COPD unless complicated (e.g., pneumothorax) dyspnea dominates. Increasing COâ‚‚ (C) is harmful; COPD often causes hypercapnia, needing reduction. Treating infections (D) is a means, not the goal prevention aids function. Functional ability, supported by rehab and breathing techniques, is a measurable, client-centered outcome, critical in nursing care plans to manage COPD's impact long-term.
Question 5 of 5
A 35-year-old man has a 5-year history of episodic wheezing and coughing. The episodes are more common during the winter months, and he has noticed that they often follow minor respiratory tract infections. In the period between the episodes, he can breathe normally. There is no family history of asthma or other allergies. On physical examination, there are no remarkable findings. A chest radiograph shows no abnormalities. A serum IgE level and WBC count are normal. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism that contributes to the findings in his illness?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bronchial hyperreactivity to chronic inflammation (B) explains nonatopic asthma here . Viral infections trigger bronchial spasm in a low-threshold airway, causing wheezing (RR 35/min). Normal IgE/WBC rule out atopy. Neutrophils (A) fit pneumonia. Eosinophils (C) mark allergic asthma. Aspergillus (D) is ABPA. B's intrinsic reactivity unlike C's allergic basis fits episodic, post-viral pattern, per document.