A 6yearold boy presents with fatigue and pallor. L

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A 6-year-old boy presents with fatigue and pallor. Labs show hemoglobin of 8 g/dL and MCV of 90 fL. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Iron deficiency anemia B. Sickle cell disease C. Folate deficiency anemia D. Thalassemia

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Folate deficiency is normocytic, per ASH. A, B, D, E differ in MCV.

A 3-month-old infant presents with seizures and microcephaly. MRI shows calcifications. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy B. Congenital CMV infection C. Metabolic disorder D. Trauma

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Congenital CMV causes seizures and calcifications, per CDC. A, C-E differ.

A 3-year-old girl presents with fever and a stiff neck. CSF shows gram-negative coccobacilli. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. Viral meningitis B. Haemophilus influenzae meningitis C. Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis D. Neisseria meningitidis meningitis

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: H. influenzae meningitis fits gram-negative coccobacilli, per AAP. A, C-E differ.

A 5-year-old boy presents with fever and a petechial rash. Labs show thrombocytopenia and elevated D-dimer. Most likely diagnosis is:

A. ITP B. Leukemia C. DIC D. Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: DIC fits petechiae and elevated D-dimer, per ISTH. A, B, D, E differ.

What is the most helpful in preventing premature birth?

A. Bed rest for all pregnancies B. High-calorie diet C. Adequate prenatal care D. Frequent ultrasound scans

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Adequate prenatal care C reduces preterm birth risk through monitoring and intervention, per document 1.

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