ATI LPN
Nclex-Pn Practice Questions Pediatrics Questions
Question 1 of 9
A 6-month-old infant presents with poor feeding and a murmur. Echocardiogram shows a patent foramen ovale. The next step is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Observation is standard for asymptomatic PFO, per AHA. A, B, D, E are for complications.
Question 2 of 9
To promote absorption of an iron supplement, it should be administered
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vitamin C in orange juice enhances iron absorption post-meal C, per document p5, 2.
Question 3 of 9
A 3-month-old infant presents with poor feeding and tachypnea. Chest x-ray shows cardiomegaly. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CHF features poor feeding, tachypnea, and cardiomegaly, per AHA. A, C-E differ.
Question 4 of 9
A 10-year-old girl presents with fatigue and pallor. Labs show hemoglobin of 8 g/dL and microcytic anemia. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Iron deficiency anemia is the most common cause of microcytic anemia in children, per AAP. A, B, D, E have different lab profiles.
Question 5 of 9
A 4-year-old girl presents with fever and a pruritic rash starting on the trunk. Exam shows vesicles and crusts. Most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chickenpox presents with fever and a pruritic vesicular rash, per CDC. A, C-E have different rash patterns.
Question 6 of 9
The diagnosis of an umbilical arterial thrombus in a preterm newborn is usually made by:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aortic ultrasonography directly visualizes umbilical arterial thrombus in preterms, being non-invasive and specific (AAP). Other options (A-C, E) are less diagnostic.
Question 7 of 9
Mode of inheritance of HDR syndrome is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: HDR syndrome (hypoparathyroidism, deafness, renal anomalies) is autosomal dominant , linked to GATA3 mutations on chromosome 10 (NIH). Other inheritance patterns (A, C, D, E) do not apply.
Question 8 of 9
What is the most appropriate therapy to maximise his urinary excretion of aspirin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) overdose requires enhanced excretion. Urinary alkalinisation (Choice D) with bicarbonate increases urine pH, ionizing salicylate (weak acid), trapping it in urine for excretion, and is the standard approach. Allopurinol (Choice A) treats gout, not relevant. Forced diuresis with furosemide (Choice B) increases volume but not pH. Hyperhydration (Choice C) dilutes but doesn’t optimize excretion. Alkalinisation is most effective.
Question 9 of 9
A child was treated with baking soda for an upset stomach. Most likely complication is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) overdose causes hypernatremia from excess sodium, potentially with alkalosis (UpToDate). A, C-E are less likely.