ATI LPN
Cardiovascular Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 56-year-old woman is found to have normochromic-normocytic anemia, hypophosphatemia, hypouricemia, glycosuria, proteinuria(+1 by dipstick testing), and renal insufficiency(serum creatinine concentration of 2.6mg/dl). Urine protein creatinine ratio(UPC) was 3.1. urine albumin creatinine ratio(UAC) was .3. Urine albumin protein ratio(UAPR) 10% Which ONE of the following is the MOST LIKELY cause of this constellation of findings?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Findings such as hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, and bone lesions suggest multiple myeloma. The low UAC and UPC ratios point towards non-albumin proteinuria, typical of Bence-Jones proteinuria seen in multiple myeloma.
Question 2 of 5
A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate treatment. It is associated with left ventricular failure that severely impairs gas exchange, and produces dramatic signs and symptoms including anxiety, severe dyspnea, an upright posture to breathe effectively, and pink frothy sputum. Right-sided heart failure produces systemic venous congestion. Cardiomyopathy is not associated with bubbly crackles and pink frothy sputum. A medication reaction is not the reason for the patient to exhibit severe dyspnea, anxiety, bubbly crackles, and frothy sputum.
Question 3 of 5
Patients with heart failure can experience episodes of exacerbation. Which of the following patients are at MOST risk for heart failure exacerbation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Non-compliance with medication like Amiodarone (B) and atrial fibrillation increase heart failure exacerbation risk due to irregular heart workload. The others have lower immediate risk.
Question 4 of 5
A 62-yr-old patient who has no history of hypertension or other health problems suddenly develops a blood pressure(BP) of 198/110 mm Hg. After reconfirming the BP, it is appropriate for the nurse to tell the patient that:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A sudden increase in BP in a patient older than age 50 years with no hypertension history or risk factors indicates that the hypertension may be secondary to some other problem. The BP will need treatment and ongoing monitoring. If the patient has no other risk factors, a stroke in the immediate future is unlikely. There is no indication that dietary salt or fat intake have contributed to this sudden increase in BP. Reducing intake of salt and fat alone will not be adequate to reduce this BP to an acceptable level.
Question 5 of 5
Tachycardia refers to
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tachycardia is defined as an abnormally rapid heart rate, typically above 100 beats per minute.