A 53-yr-old patient with stage D heart failure and type 2 diabetes asks the nurse whether heart transplant is a possible therapy. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Indications for a heart transplant include end-stage heart failure (stage D), but other factors such as coping skills, family support, and patient motivation to follow the rigorous posttransplant regimen are also considered. Patients with diabetes who have well-controlled blood glucose levels may be candidates for heart transplant. Although heart transplants can be associated with many complications, there are no data to suggest that the patient could not manage the care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The umbilical vein carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus, draining into the sinus venosus.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Atrial fibrillation reduces ventricular filling efficiency by 20-30% due to irregular atrial activity.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The 3rd heart sound (S3) occurs in early diastole (between C and D) due to rapid ventricular filling.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Type A lactic acidosis is associated with hypoxia, impairing oxidative metabolism.