ATI LPN
Medical Surgical Endocrine Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 53-year-old woman has had fever and flank pain for the past 2 days. On physical examination, her temperature is 38.2°C, pulse is 81/min, respirations are 16/min, and blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg. Urinalysis shows no protein, glucose, or ketones. The leukocyte esterase test is positive. Microscopic examination of the urine shows numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes and occasional WBC casts. Which of the following organisms is most likely to be found in the urine culture?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The clinical features in this patient are typical of urinary tract infection, and Escherichia coli is the most common cause. The WBCs are characteristic of an acute inflammatory process. The presence of WBC casts indicates that the infection must have occurred in the kidney because casts are formed in renal tubules. Most infections of the urinary tract begin in the lower urinary tract and ascend to the kidneys. Hematogenous spread is less common. Cryptococcus and Mycoplasma are rare urinary tract pathogens.
Question 2 of 5
A 44-year-old woman has become increasingly listless and weak and has had chronic diarrhea and a 5-kg weight loss over the past 7 months. She also notices that her skin seems darker, although she rarely goes outside because she is too tired for outdoor activities. On physical examination, she is afebrile, and her blood pressure is 85/50 mm Hg. A chest radiograph shows no abnormal findings. Laboratory findings include serum Na+, 120 mmol/L; K+, 5.1 mmol/L; glucose, 58 mg/dL; urea nitrogen, 18 mg/dL; and creatinine, 0.8 mg/dL. The serum corticotropin level is 82 pg/mL. Which of the following is most likely to account for these findings?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease) results in decreased cortisol production and decreased mineralocorticoid activity. The skin hyperpigmentation results from increased corticotropin precursor hormone production, which also stimulates melanocytes. The most common cause of Addison disease, in areas where tuberculosis is not endemic, is autoimmune adrenalitis.
Question 3 of 5
Which connective tissue layer surrounds the biceps femoris muscle belly, separating it from the rest of the body?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Epimysium (not epimyseum) surrounds entire muscle; perimysium bundles fascicles, endomysium covers fibers.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following statements is false regarding the cardiac conducting system?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: SA node, not AV node, is the pacemaker (60-100 bpm); AV node delays signal.
Question 5 of 5
Type AB blood has which erythrocyte surface typing antigens?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type AB has both A and B antigens on RBCs.